{
  "handle": "piperine-bioperine",
  "searchTerm": "(piperine OR BioPerine) AND (bioavailability OR absorption)",
  "filtersApplied": "humans[Filter]",
  "skus": [
    "JV-TURMERIC500"
  ],
  "generatedAt": "2026-06-02T08:24:27.126Z",
  "generatedBy": "scripts/ingest-pubmed-evidence.ts",
  "source": "PubMed E-utilities",
  "licence": "NCBI public domain (USA federal work)",
  "totalHits": 168,
  "studies": [
    {
      "pmid": "17999464",
      "title": "Bioavailability of curcumin: problems and promises.",
      "journal": "Molecular pharmaceutics",
      "year": "2007",
      "firstAuthor": "Anand P",
      "authorCount": 4,
      "publicationTypes": "Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Review",
      "doi": "",
      "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17999464/",
      "abstract": "Curcumin, a polyphenolic compound derived from dietary spice turmeric, possesses diverse pharmacologic effects including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiproliferative and antiangiogenic activities. Phase I clinical trials have shown that curcumin is safe even at high doses (12 g/day) in humans but exhibit poor bioavailability. Major reasons contributing to the low plasma and tissue levels of curcumin appear to be due to poor absorption, rapid metabolism, and rapid systemic elimination. To improve the bioavailability of curcumin, numerous approaches have been undertaken. These approaches involve, first, the use of adjuvant like piperine that interferes with glucuronidation; second, the use of liposomal curcumin; third, curcumin nanoparticles; fourth, the use of curcumin phospholipid complex; and fifth, the use of structural analogues of curcumin (e.g., EF-24). The latter has been reported to have a rapid absorption with a peak plasma half-life. Despite the lower bioavailability, therapeutic efficacy of curcumin against various human diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, arthritis, neurological diseases and Crohn's disease, has been documented. Enhanced bioavailability of curcumin in the near future is likely to bring this promising natural product to the forefront of therapeutic agents for treatment of human disease."
    },
    {
      "pmid": "36720711",
      "title": "Curcumin-piperine co-supplementation and human health: A comprehensive review of preclinical and clinical studies.",
      "journal": "Phytotherapy research : PTR",
      "year": "2023",
      "firstAuthor": "Heidari H",
      "authorCount": 6,
      "publicationTypes": "Journal Article, Review",
      "doi": "10.1002/ptr.7737",
      "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36720711/",
      "abstract": "Curcumin is extracted from the rhizomes Curcuma longa L. It is known for its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities. Despite its safety and potential for use against various diseases, curcumin's utility is restricted due to its low oral bioavailability. Co-administration of curcumin along with piperine could potentially improve the bioavailability of curcumin. The present review aimed to provide an overview of the efficacy and safety of curcumin-piperine co-supplementation in human health. The findings of this comprehensive review show the beneficial effects of curcumin-piperine in improving glycemic indices, lipid profile and antioxidant status in diabetes, improving the inflammatory status caused by obesity and metabolic syndrome, reducing oxidative stress and depression in chronic stress and neurological disorders, also improving chronic respiratory diseases, asthma and COVID-19. Further high-quality clinical trial studies are needed to firmly establish the clinical efficacy of the curcumin-piperine supplement."
    },
    {
      "pmid": "9619120",
      "title": "Influence of piperine on the pharmacokinetics of curcumin in animals and human volunteers.",
      "journal": "Planta medica",
      "year": "1998",
      "firstAuthor": "Shoba G",
      "authorCount": 6,
      "publicationTypes": "Clinical Trial, Journal Article",
      "doi": "",
      "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9619120/",
      "abstract": "The medicinal properties of curcumin obtained from Curcuma longa L. cannot be utilised because of poor bioavailability due to its rapid metabolism in the liver and intestinal wall. In this study, the effect of combining piperine, a known inhibitor of hepatic and intestinal glucuronidation, was evaluated on the bioavailability of curcumin in rats and healthy human volunteers. When curcumin was given alone, in the dose 2 g/kg to rats, moderate serum concentrations were achieved over a period of 4 h. Concomitant administration of piperine 20 mg/kg increased the serum concentration of curcumin for a short period of 1-2 h post drug. Time to maximum was significantly increased (P < 0.02) while elimination half life and clearance significantly decreased (P < 0.02), and the bioavailability was increased by 154%. On the other hand in humans after a dose of 2 g curcumin alone, serum levels were either undetectable or very low. Concomitant administration of piperine 20 mg produced much higher concentrations from 0.25 to 1 h post drug (P < 0.01 at 0.25 and 0.5 h; P < 0.001 at 1 h), the increase in bioavailability was 2000%. The study shows that in the dosages used, piperine enhances the serum concentration, extent of absorption and bioavailability of curcumin in both rats and humans with no adverse effects."
    },
    {
      "pmid": "17987447",
      "title": "Black pepper and its pungent principle-piperine: a review of diverse physiological effects.",
      "journal": "Critical reviews in food science and nutrition",
      "year": "2007",
      "firstAuthor": "Srinivasan K",
      "authorCount": 1,
      "publicationTypes": "Journal Article, Review",
      "doi": "",
      "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17987447/",
      "abstract": "Black pepper (Piper nigrum) is one of the most widely used among spices. It is valued for its distinct biting quality attributed to the alkaloid, piperine. Black pepper is used not only in human dietaries but also for a variety of other purposes such as medicinal, as a preservative, and in perfumery. Many physiological effects of black pepper, its extracts, or its major active principle, piperine, have been reported in recent decades. Dietary piperine, by favorably stimulating the digestive enzymes of pancreas, enhances the digestive capacity and significantly reduces the gastrointestinal food transit time. Piperine has been demonstrated in in vitro studies to protect against oxidative damage by inhibiting or quenching free radicals and reactive oxygen species. Black pepper or piperine treatment has also been evidenced to lower lipid peroxidation in vivo and beneficially influence cellular thiol status, antioxidant molecules and antioxidant enzymes in a number of experimental situations of oxidative stress. The most far-reaching attribute of piperine has been its inhibitory influence on enzymatic drug biotransforming reactions in the liver. It strongly inhibits hepatic and intestinal aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase and UDP-glucuronyl transferase. Piperine has been documented to enhance the bioavailability of a number of therapeutic drugs as well as phytochemicals by this very property. Piperine's bioavailability enhancing property is also partly attributed to increased absorption as a result of its effect on the ultrastructure of intestinal brush border. Although initially there were a few controversial reports regarding its safety as a food additive, such evidence has been questionable, and later studies have established the safety of black pepper or its active principle,"
    },
    {
      "pmid": "29772289",
      "title": "Nose-to-brain drug delivery: An update on clinical challenges and progress towards approval of anti-Alzheimer drugs.",
      "journal": "Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society",
      "year": "2018",
      "firstAuthor": "Agrawal M",
      "authorCount": 7,
      "publicationTypes": "Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Review",
      "doi": "10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.05.011",
      "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29772289/",
      "abstract": "According to the Alzheimer Association Report (2017), Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the 6th primary cause of death in the USA, which affects nearly 5.5 million people. In the year 2017 itself, the cost of AD treatment in the USA has been reported to rise to $259 billion. This statistic shows the severity of the disease in the USA which is very much similar across the globe. On the other hand, the treatment remains limited to a few conventional oral medications (approved by FDA). These are mainly acting superficially from mild to the moderate AD. The therapeutic efficacy of the drug is not only affected by its reduced concentration in the brain owing to the existence of blood-brain-barrier (BBB) but also due to its low brain permeability. In this context, the intranasal (IN) route of drug administration has emerged as an alternative route over the systemic (oral and parenteral) drug delivery to the brain. The delivery of the drug via an IN route offers various advantages over systemic drug delivery system, as it directly delivers the drug into the brain via olfactory route. Presence of drug in the olfactory bulb, in turn, increases the drug bioavailability in the brain and reduces the drug degradation as well as wastage of the drug through; systemic clearance. However, there is also some limitation associated with IN like poor drug permeation through the nasal mucosa and mucociliary clearance. The delivery system various through novel strategies (nano drug carrier system, colloidal carriers, mucoadhesive devices, controlled delivery system, pro-drug, etc.) are adapted to overcome the above-stated limitations. Although, after all, such successful research claims, very few of the nose-to-brain drug delivery of anti-AD drugs have gained market approval due to lack of sufficie"
    },
    {
      "pmid": "32599787",
      "title": "Iron and Physical Activity: Bioavailability Enhancers, Properties of Black Pepper (Bioperine(®)) and Potential Applications.",
      "journal": "Nutrients",
      "year": "2020",
      "firstAuthor": "Fernández-Lázaro D",
      "authorCount": 4,
      "publicationTypes": "Journal Article, Review",
      "doi": "10.3390/nu12061886",
      "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32599787/",
      "abstract": "Black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) has been employed in medicine (epilepsy, headaches, and diabetes), where its effects are mainly attributed to a nitrogen alkaloid called piperidine (1-(1-[1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl]-1-oxo-2,4 pentenyl) piperidine). Piperine co-administered with vitamins and minerals has improved its absorption. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the impact of the joint administration of iron (Fe) plus black pepper in physically active healthy individuals. Fe is a micronutrient that aids athletic performance by influencing the physiological functions involved in endurance sports by improving the transport, storage, and utilization of oxygen. Consequently, athletes have risk factors for Fe depletion, Fe deficiency, and eventually, anemia, mainly from mechanical hemolysis, gastrointestinal disturbances, and loss of Fe through excessive sweating. Declines in Fe stores have been reported to negatively alter physical capacities such as aerobic capacity, strength, and skeletal muscle recovery in elite athletes. Thus, there is a need to maintain Fe storage, even if Fe intake meets the recommended daily allowance (RDA), and Fe supplementation may be justified in physically active individuals, in states of Fe deficiency, with or without anemia. Females, in particular, should monitor their Fe hematological profile. The recommended oral Fe supplements are ferrous or ferric salts, sulfate, fumarate, and gluconate. These preparations constitute the first line of treatment; however, the high doses administered have gastrointestinal side effects that reduce tolerance and adherence to treatment. Thus, a strategy to counteract these adverse effects is to improve the bioavailability of Fe. Therefore, piperine may benefit the absorption of Fe through its bioavailability enhan"
    },
    {
      "pmid": "33151173",
      "title": "Piperine: Chemical, biological and nanotechnological applications.",
      "journal": "Acta pharmaceutica (Zagreb, Croatia)",
      "year": "2021",
      "firstAuthor": "Quijia CR",
      "authorCount": 3,
      "publicationTypes": "Journal Article, Review",
      "doi": "10.2478/acph-2021-0015",
      "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33151173/",
      "abstract": "Piperine (PIP) is an alkaloid present in several species of piper, mainly Piper nigrum Linn. and P. longum, among other species. The present article provides a comprehensive review of PIP research in the last years concerning its chemical properties, synthesis, absorption, metabolism, bioavailability and toxicity. The reviewed PIP literature has shown many pharmacological properties, such as antidiabetic, antidiarrheal, antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-parasitic activity of PIP. However, its low solubility and absorption make its application challenging. This review also includes advances in the development of nanosystems containing PIP, including liposomes, micelles, metal nanoparticles, nanofibers, polymeric nanoparticles, and solid-lipid nanoparticles. Finally, we discuss different in vitro and in vivo studies to evaluate the biological activity of this drug, as well as some methods for the synthesis of nanosystems and their physical characteristics."
    },
    {
      "pmid": "39121267",
      "title": "A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the benefits of a standardized Nigella sativa oil containing 5% thymoquinone in reducing the symptoms of seasonal allergy.",
      "journal": "Medicine",
      "year": "2024",
      "firstAuthor": "Majeed A",
      "authorCount": 8,
      "publicationTypes": "Journal Article, Randomized Controlled Trial",
      "doi": "10.1097/MD.0000000000039243",
      "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39121267/",
      "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Allergic rhinitis (AR) or seasonal allergy characterized by sneezing, nasal congestion, nasal itching, and nasal discharge, triggered by immune reactions to environmental allergens. Present day customers also monitor the personal improvements in the area of Evidence-Based natural medicines/supplements. METHODS: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted on 65 participants aged 18 to 60 years having 2 or more allergic symptoms like sneezing, rhinorrhoea, nasal obstruction, and nasal itching for a cumulative period greater than 1 hour per day. The study participants received a capsule of NSO (250 mg) with 2.5 mg piperine (BioPerine) as a bioavailability enhancer or a placebo, twice a day, after food for 15 days. The primary objectives were evaluated by mean change in Total Nasal Symptom Score and the duration of AR symptoms per day from baseline to Day 15. Secondary endpoints were changes in Total Ocular Symptoms Score, AR symptom frequency and severity, serum Immunoglobulin E levels, and Patient Global Impression of Change scale. Adverse events were monitored throughout the study. RESULTS: Sixty-five patients were enrolled and all of them completed the study, N = 33 in NSO and N = 32 in placebo. A significant reduction in Total Nasal Symptom Score and Total Ocular Symptoms Score was observed in the NSO group compared to the placebo, highlighting the potential of NSO in alleviating AR symptoms. The episodes of AR symptoms per day and the frequency of symptoms in 24 hours reduced significantly in 15 days in both groups, but the extent of improvement was significantly higher in NSO compared to placebo. Improvement in Patient Global Impression of Change was also significantly better in NSO compared to the placebo. Serum Immunoglobulin E le"
    }
  ]
}