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      "body": "Has anyone tried this combination? I've read good things about it online:  \n[https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/lutein-and-zeaxanthin](https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/lutein-and-zeaxanthin)\n\n  \n[https://www.consumerlab.com/answers/supplements-for-eye-floaters/-supplements-eye-floaters/](https://www.consumerlab.com/answers/supplements-for-eye-floaters/-supplements-eye-floaters/)\n\n\"I take 40mg of lutein with zeaxanthin for over a year and my floaters are gone.\"\n\n&amp;#x200B;\n\n[https://vorstcanada.com/blogs/news/lutein-and-zeaxanthin-help-for-eye-floaters](https://vorstcanada.com/blogs/news/lutein-and-zeaxanthin-help-for-eye-floaters)\n\nOne study published in the Journal of Ophthalmology found that a combination of lutein, zeaxanthin, and omega-3 fatty acids resulted in a significant reduction in the number and severity of eye floaters in patients over a 6-month period. Another study published in the International Journal of Ophthalmology found that lutein supplementation improved visual function and reduced the frequency of eye floaters in patients with early-stage AMD.\n\n&amp;#x200B;\n\nIf you've tried it, what were your experiences? If not, what do you think of this combination?",
      "html": "&lt;!-- SC_OFF --&gt;&lt;div class=\"md\"&gt;&lt;p&gt;Has anyone tried this combination? I&amp;#39;ve read good things about it online:&lt;br/&gt;\n&lt;a href=\"https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/lutein-and-zeaxanthin\"&gt;https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/lutein-and-zeaxanthin&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=\"https://www.consumerlab.com/answers/supplements-for-eye-floaters/-supplements-eye-floaters/\"&gt;https://www.consumerlab.com/answers/supplements-for-eye-floaters/-supplements-eye-floaters/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;I take 40mg of lutein with zeaxanthin for over a year and my floaters are gone.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;&amp;#x200B;&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=\"https://vorstcanada.com/blogs/news/lutein-and-zeaxanthin-help-for-eye-floaters\"&gt;https://vorstcanada.com/blogs/news/lutein-and-zeaxanthin-help-for-eye-floaters&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;One study published in the Journal of Ophthalmology found that a combination of lutein, zeaxanthin, and omega-3 fatty acids resulted in a significant reduction in the number and severity of eye floaters in patients over a 6-month period. Another study published in the International Journal of Ophthalmology found that lutein supplementation improved visual function and reduced the frequency of eye floaters in patients with early-stage AMD.&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;&amp;#x200B;&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;If you&amp;#39;ve tried it, what were your experiences? If not, what do you think of this combination?&lt;/p&gt;\n&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!-- SC_ON --&gt;",
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      "body": "A few days ago there was a post where people in the comments started talking about Lutein + Zeaxanthin. I've read 20 papers on the topic of L + Z in specific. And for academic research reasons, I happen to have read several hundred papers on solar radiation/anti-oxidants in general.\n\nThe reason optometrists like this combo is because it filters light in the blue-violet part of the spectrum (around 450-460 nm). Because L + Z preferentially accumulate in the macula, where you see fine details, it's sort of like having internal sunglasses. The AREDS2 trial had \\~4,000 participants over five years with ten years follow up showing up to \\~30% reduction in progression to late stage Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD). AMD is the leading cause of blindness in developed countries and you really do not want it because it sucks a lot. They used an anti-oxidant combo containing L + Z. So, the safety and efficacy data are good. Like, it's pretty rare to have this amount of longitudinal data with this big of n-value. \\*feelsgoodman\\*\n\nAnecdotally, I happen to have taken a large dose for 12 months. After nine months, I started getting headaches and my optometrist told me it was because my vision improved. She said it could be random, but also it could have to do with the L + Z combo. Your optometrist can test your MPOD with a device they have at the office. Your MPOD score is very highly correlated with you L + Z consumption and will increase for many months after continuous consumption.\n\nI don't specifically recommend any brand. But, the equivalent of 10 mg Lutein and 2 mg of Zeaxanthin per day has the most data and appears to have the best value based on MPOD numbers in the papers I've read. As always, seek a vendor that is GMP/cGMP certified and who performs QA/QC.\n\nIf you want to see some mechanistic science infographics, or just see a list of my sources, I made a short (\\~4 min) on how it all works. Note, this video is not sponsored, not selling anything, and it's not even monetized. I just enjoy creating educational content for the public: [https://youtu.be/G388HTZXmnE](https://youtu.be/G388HTZXmnE)\n\nThankyou for reading.",
      "html": "&lt;!-- SC_OFF --&gt;&lt;div class=\"md\"&gt;&lt;p&gt;A few days ago there was a post where people in the comments started talking about Lutein + Zeaxanthin. I&amp;#39;ve read 20 papers on the topic of L + Z in specific. And for academic research reasons, I happen to have read several hundred papers on solar radiation/anti-oxidants in general.&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;The reason optometrists like this combo is because it filters light in the blue-violet part of the spectrum (around 450-460 nm). Because L + Z preferentially accumulate in the macula, where you see fine details, it&amp;#39;s sort of like having internal sunglasses. The AREDS2 trial had ~4,000 participants over five years with ten years follow up showing up to ~30% reduction in progression to late stage Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD). AMD is the leading cause of blindness in developed countries and you really do not want it because it sucks a lot. They used an anti-oxidant combo containing L + Z. So, the safety and efficacy data are good. Like, it&amp;#39;s pretty rare to have this amount of longitudinal data with this big of n-value. *feelsgoodman*&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Anecdotally, I happen to have taken a large dose for 12 months. After nine months, I started getting headaches and my optometrist told me it was because my vision improved. She said it could be random, but also it could have to do with the L + Z combo. Your optometrist can test your MPOD with a device they have at the office. Your MPOD score is very highly correlated with you L + Z consumption and will increase for many months after continuous consumption.&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;I don&amp;#39;t specifically recommend any brand. But, the equivalent of 10 mg Lutein and 2 mg of Zeaxanthin per day has the most data and appears to have the best value based on MPOD numbers in the papers I&amp;#39;ve read. As always, seek a vendor that is GMP/cGMP certified and who performs QA/QC.&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;If you want to see some mechanistic science infographics, or just see a list of my sources, I made a short (~4 min) on how it all works. Note, this video is not sponsored, not selling anything, and it&amp;#39;s not even monetized. I just enjoy creating educational content for the public: &lt;a href=\"https://youtu.be/G388HTZXmnE\"&gt;https://youtu.be/G388HTZXmnE&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Thankyou for reading.&lt;/p&gt;\n&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!-- SC_ON --&gt;",
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      "body": "http://www.nutritionaloutlook.com/science/fierce-debate-over-zeaxanthin-isomers\n\nThis article explains the differences between natural or extracted and artificial or synthesized zeaxanthin.  \n\nIt explains the differences between the two zeaxanthin isomers rr-zeaxanthin and meso-zeaxanthin.  \n\nAnd it explains the difference between the different brands, floraglo, lutemax, optisharp, optilut, macuguard, and others. \nSome brands are specifically mentioned and the approach other brands take that are not specifically mentioned can be inferred if you know how they are sourcing/producing their ingredients.  ",
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      "body": "**Background:** Lutein and zeaxanthin are fat-soluble antioxidant nutrients that have evidence of beneficial effects on vision and eye health.\n\n**Purpose:** Examine the effects of supplementation with lutein and zeaxanthin isomers (Lute-gen^(®)) on eye health, eye strain, sleep quality, and attention in high electronic screen users.\n\n**Study design:** Two-arm, 6-month, parallel-group, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.\n\n**Methods:** Seventy volunteers aged 18 to 65 who used electronic screens for more than 6 h daily were supplemented with 10 mg of lutein and 2 mg of zeaxanthin-isomers or a placebo. Outcome measures included several ophthalmic examinations comprising the Schirmer tear test, photo-stress recovery time, contrast sensitivity, tear film break-up time, and self-report measures of visual fatigue, computer vision, sleep quality and attention.\n\n**Results:** Compared to the placebo, lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation was associated with greater improvements in the Schirmer tear test, photo-stress recovery time, and tear film break-up time. However, there were no between-group differences in the change in self-report measures or contrast sensitivity. Lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation was well-tolerated, with no reports of serious adverse reactions or clinically significant changes in safety blood measures, including liver function, renal function, blood lipids, and full blood examination.\n\n**Conclusion:** The results from this study provide support for the beneficial effects of 6 months of lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation on regular users of electronic screens. Compared to the placebo, there were improvements in several ophthalmic examinations for dry eyes and visual health. However, these findings were not corroborated by group differences in the administered self-report measures. Lutein and zeaxanthin were well tolerated, with no serious adverse effects or significant changes in vital signs or blood safety measures.\n\nFull: [https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/nutrition/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1522302/full?utm\\_source=F-AAE&amp;utm\\_source=sfmc&amp;utm\\_medium=EMLF&amp;utm\\_medium=email&amp;utm\\_campaign=MRK\\_2507211\\_a0P58000000G0XwEAK\\_Nutrit\\_20250220\\_arts\\_A&amp;utm\\_campaign=Article%20Alerts%20V4.1-Frontiers&amp;id\\_mc=316770838&amp;utm\\_id=2507211&amp;Business\\_Goal=%25%25\\_\\_AdditionalEmailAttribute1%25%25&amp;Audience=%25%25\\_\\_AdditionalEmailAttribute2%25%25&amp;Email\\_Category=%25%25\\_\\_AdditionalEmailAttribute3%25%25&amp;Channel=%25%25\\_\\_AdditionalEmailAttribute4%25%25&amp;BusinessGoal\\_Audience\\_EmailCategory\\_Channel=%25%25\\_\\_AdditionalEmailAttribute5%25%25](https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/nutrition/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1522302/full?utm_source=F-AAE&amp;utm_source=sfmc&amp;utm_medium=EMLF&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_campaign=MRK_2507211_a0P58000000G0XwEAK_Nutrit_20250220_arts_A&amp;utm_campaign=Article%20Alerts%20V4.1-Frontiers&amp;id_mc=316770838&amp;utm_id=2507211&amp;Business_Goal=%25%25__AdditionalEmailAttribute1%25%25&amp;Audience=%25%25__AdditionalEmailAttribute2%25%25&amp;Email_Category=%25%25__AdditionalEmailAttribute3%25%25&amp;Channel=%25%25__AdditionalEmailAttribute4%25%25&amp;BusinessGoal_Audience_EmailCategory_Channel=%25%25__AdditionalEmailAttribute5%25%25)",
      "html": "&lt;!-- SC_OFF --&gt;&lt;div class=\"md\"&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; Lutein and zeaxanthin are fat-soluble antioxidant nutrients that have evidence of beneficial effects on vision and eye health.&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Purpose:&lt;/strong&gt; Examine the effects of supplementation with lutein and zeaxanthin isomers (Lute-gen&lt;sup&gt;®&lt;/sup&gt;) on eye health, eye strain, sleep quality, and attention in high electronic screen users.&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Study design:&lt;/strong&gt; Two-arm, 6-month, parallel-group, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; Seventy volunteers aged 18 to 65 who used electronic screens for more than 6 h daily were supplemented with 10 mg of lutein and 2 mg of zeaxanthin-isomers or a placebo. Outcome measures included several ophthalmic examinations comprising the Schirmer tear test, photo-stress recovery time, contrast sensitivity, tear film break-up time, and self-report measures of visual fatigue, computer vision, sleep quality and attention.&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; Compared to the placebo, lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation was associated with greater improvements in the Schirmer tear test, photo-stress recovery time, and tear film break-up time. However, there were no between-group differences in the change in self-report measures or contrast sensitivity. Lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation was well-tolerated, with no reports of serious adverse reactions or clinically significant changes in safety blood measures, including liver function, renal function, blood lipids, and full blood examination.&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; The results from this study provide support for the beneficial effects of 6 months of lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation on regular users of electronic screens. Compared to the placebo, there were improvements in several ophthalmic examinations for dry eyes and visual health. However, these findings were not corroborated by group differences in the administered self-report measures. Lutein and zeaxanthin were well tolerated, with no serious adverse effects or significant changes in vital signs or blood safety measures.&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Full: &lt;a href=\"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/nutrition/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1522302/full?utm_source=F-AAE&amp;amp;utm_source=sfmc&amp;amp;utm_medium=EMLF&amp;amp;utm_medium=email&amp;amp;utm_campaign=MRK_2507211_a0P58000000G0XwEAK_Nutrit_20250220_arts_A&amp;amp;utm_campaign=Article%20Alerts%20V4.1-Frontiers&amp;amp;id_mc=316770838&amp;amp;utm_id=2507211&amp;amp;Business_Goal=%25%25__AdditionalEmailAttribute1%25%25&amp;amp;Audience=%25%25__AdditionalEmailAttribute2%25%25&amp;amp;Email_Category=%25%25__AdditionalEmailAttribute3%25%25&amp;amp;Channel=%25%25__AdditionalEmailAttribute4%25%25&amp;amp;BusinessGoal_Audience_EmailCategory_Channel=%25%25__AdditionalEmailAttribute5%25%25\"&gt;https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/nutrition/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1522302/full?utm_source=F-AAE&amp;amp;utm_source=sfmc&amp;amp;utm_medium=EMLF&amp;amp;utm_medium=email&amp;amp;utm_campaign=MRK_2507211_a0P58000000G0XwEAK_Nutrit_20250220_arts_A&amp;amp;utm_campaign=Article%20Alerts%20V4.1-Frontiers&amp;amp;id_mc=316770838&amp;amp;utm_id=2507211&amp;amp;Business_Goal=%25%25__AdditionalEmailAttribute1%25%25&amp;amp;Audience=%25%25__AdditionalEmailAttribute2%25%25&amp;amp;Email_Category=%25%25__AdditionalEmailAttribute3%25%25&amp;amp;Channel=%25%25__AdditionalEmailAttribute4%25%25&amp;amp;BusinessGoal_Audience_EmailCategory_Channel=%25%25__AdditionalEmailAttribute5%25%25&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;\n&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!-- SC_ON --&gt;",
      "link": "https://www.reddit.com/r/Biohackers/comments/1j14pg8/the_effects_of_lutein_zeaxanthin_lutegen_on_eye/",
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      "url": "https://www.reddit.com/r/EyeFloaters/comments/1ldcq3x/lutein_zeaxanthin_astaxanthin/",
      "username": "mister-brutus",
      "userId": "t2_1rlh0fzn4v",
      "title": "Lutein, zeaxanthin, astaxanthin",
      "communityName": "r/EyeFloaters",
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      "body": "Hi! Is anyone here who has improved their eye floater condition with supplements? If so, could you share which supplements you've used and your experience with them? Do you think lutein, zeaxanthin, and astaxanthin could help?",
      "html": "&lt;!-- SC_OFF --&gt;&lt;div class=\"md\"&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hi! Is anyone here who has improved their eye floater condition with supplements? If so, could you share which supplements you&amp;#39;ve used and your experience with them? Do you think lutein, zeaxanthin, and astaxanthin could help?&lt;/p&gt;\n&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!-- SC_ON --&gt;",
      "link": "https://www.reddit.com/r/EyeFloaters/comments/1ldcq3x/lutein_zeaxanthin_astaxanthin/",
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      "username": "howevertheory98968",
      "userId": "t2_4fpnkqsa",
      "title": "isitbullshit: zeaxanthin and lutein supplements (or in food) benefit your vision/reduce the likelihood of vision problems in the future?",
      "communityName": "r/IsItBullshit",
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      "body": "Do these chemicals even do it?\n\nAnd if so, is supplements ok, or must they come from food?",
      "html": "&lt;!-- SC_OFF --&gt;&lt;div class=\"md\"&gt;&lt;p&gt;Do these chemicals even do it?&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;And if so, is supplements ok, or must they come from food?&lt;/p&gt;\n&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!-- SC_ON --&gt;",
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      "username": "Quiet-Committee-2483",
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      "title": "Vitamin E recommendations - UK",
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      "body": "Just me again, whinging about night sweats 😅\n\nUK friends, which brand of Vitamin E do you buy to help with SSRI night sweats? I’ve seen some capsules at Holland &amp; Barratt which are 400iu - is this strong enough?\nThe next dose up is 1000iu, but they’re £35, which is a bit out of budget for me!\n\nAny recommendations would be great - thank you! I feel like a bog monster rising from a swamp every single morning. 🥵🙃",
      "html": "&lt;!-- SC_OFF --&gt;&lt;div class=\"md\"&gt;&lt;p&gt;Just me again, whinging about night sweats 😅&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;UK friends, which brand of Vitamin E do you buy to help with SSRI night sweats? I’ve seen some capsules at Holland &amp;amp; Barratt which are 400iu - is this strong enough?\nThe next dose up is 1000iu, but they’re £35, which is a bit out of budget for me!&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Any recommendations would be great - thank you! I feel like a bog monster rising from a swamp every single morning. 🥵🙃&lt;/p&gt;\n&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!-- SC_ON --&gt;",
      "link": "https://www.reddit.com/r/zoloft/comments/1l9jtdt/vitamin_e_recommendations_uk/",
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      "username": "passionateunicorn",
      "userId": "t2_bxp0kn0h",
      "title": "Can anyone suggest a vegan vitamin d without coconut oil or fillers?",
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      "username": "ConscientiousDaze",
      "userId": "t2_fakvx72",
      "title": "Whole face tingling/twitching",
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      "body": "I’ve got what started off with a sporadically twitching eyelid yesterday, but has now spread to my entire face and lips tingling like crazy. At first I thought maybe an allergic reaction to something but after I looked in the mirror I realised my entire face was twitching in the same way the eyelid was twitching (like when you’re really tired and it does that twitch that feels massive but is the tiniest twitch hardly noticeable to anyone else!). It’s all over both sides of my face - everything I can find says about it happening on just one side... is this anything to be concerned about? Can I go to bed and ignore it in the hope it will get better or do I need to see a doctor today instead of sleep? (I’m working again tonight)\n\nAbout me:\n41F in UK, non smoker, no alcohol. I have migraines including hemiplegic migraines, depression ? Cyclothymia and hypothyroidism. \n\nmeds: topiramate (migraine prophylaxis 50mg BD), sertraline 200mg OD, levothyroxine 25mcg OD, vitamin D 1000IU OD, magnesium citrate. \n\n(2nd Pfizer vaccination 3days ago just for the sake of openness, no known side effects from either vaccination-have had Covid previously).",
      "html": "&lt;!-- SC_OFF --&gt;&lt;div class=\"md\"&gt;&lt;p&gt;I’ve got what started off with a sporadically twitching eyelid yesterday, but has now spread to my entire face and lips tingling like crazy. At first I thought maybe an allergic reaction to something but after I looked in the mirror I realised my entire face was twitching in the same way the eyelid was twitching (like when you’re really tired and it does that twitch that feels massive but is the tiniest twitch hardly noticeable to anyone else!). It’s all over both sides of my face - everything I can find says about it happening on just one side... is this anything to be concerned about? Can I go to bed and ignore it in the hope it will get better or do I need to see a doctor today instead of sleep? (I’m working again tonight)&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;About me:\n41F in UK, non smoker, no alcohol. I have migraines including hemiplegic migraines, depression ? Cyclothymia and hypothyroidism. &lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;meds: topiramate (migraine prophylaxis 50mg BD), sertraline 200mg OD, levothyroxine 25mcg OD, vitamin D 1000IU OD, magnesium citrate. &lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;(2nd Pfizer vaccination 3days ago just for the sake of openness, no known side effects from either vaccination-have had Covid previously).&lt;/p&gt;\n&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!-- SC_ON --&gt;",
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      "username": "Automatic-Grand6048",
      "userId": "t2_5pc298o3",
      "title": "Can you spot the error I made ordering vitamin D3?",
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      "body": "It’s taken me since March and a recent blood test to investigate feeling achey and tired to realise that I’ve only been taking 2000IU a day of vitamin d3 when I thought I was taking 8000IU. My last blood test shows my d levels have decreased even though we had a very good summer and I continued to take what I thought was 4000IU a day during the summer. I have a medical condition that means I have to take more vitamin d and have my levels monitored every year. I can’t believe I’m so stupid to not notice that the packaging is the same for 1000iu as it is for 4000iu. Plus one says high strength (which I thought meant 4000) and the other is max strength! I’ve been buying 4000 for a few years and I also saw the price was similar so just assumed I was ordering the usual strength. I feel so stupid. Or are they being a bit misleading? I’m so annoyed as it’s impacted my health so it’s not something I feel like I can just ignore. Please be kind when replying. ",
      "html": "&lt;!-- SC_OFF --&gt;&lt;div class=\"md\"&gt;&lt;p&gt;It’s taken me since March and a recent blood test to investigate feeling achey and tired to realise that I’ve only been taking 2000IU a day of vitamin d3 when I thought I was taking 8000IU. My last blood test shows my d levels have decreased even though we had a very good summer and I continued to take what I thought was 4000IU a day during the summer. I have a medical condition that means I have to take more vitamin d and have my levels monitored every year. I can’t believe I’m so stupid to not notice that the packaging is the same for 1000iu as it is for 4000iu. Plus one says high strength (which I thought meant 4000) and the other is max strength! I’ve been buying 4000 for a few years and I also saw the price was similar so just assumed I was ordering the usual strength. I feel so stupid. Or are they being a bit misleading? I’m so annoyed as it’s impacted my health so it’s not something I feel like I can just ignore. Please be kind when replying. &lt;/p&gt;\n&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!-- SC_ON --&gt;",
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      "username": "scousebinhereb4",
      "userId": "t2_8ur77y35",
      "title": "Really sore joints, trapped nerves and history of b12 iron deficiency... Plus on ADHD meds long time.",
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      "body": "44 Y/O Male UK white 5'9 190lb\n\nRecent symptoms of Lethargy, painful joints especial in the morning, very painful feet and hands cognitively slower and tired all the time.\nMultiple trappecd nerves lasting weeks needing physio intervention, Sciatica, shoulder median nerve, ulnar, neck and others less severe and sporadic IE calves all trapping and pulling every week or month.\n\nADHD treated daily with 40mg lisdexamphetamine\n\n10 year old b12 deficiency treated with monthly b12 shots\nTake Iron 200mg daily, Plus folic acide occasionally and occasionally a multi B vitamin (twice weekly)\nAlso take a 1000IU vitamin D daily.\n(The above b12 was diagnosed 10 years ago, I was obese, anxious, fatty liver, pre diabetic,sever asthma,  life long essential tremor etc, oral b12 didnt absorb tested pernicious anemia which was negative, but treated as such anyway, DR stated intrinsic factor test only 50% accurate so likely PA) had daily shots till symptoms subsided. Now monthly. (Within 6 months, lost 60lb, tremor gone, asthma and cough gone, anxiety gone. best mental and physical shape of my life)\n\nIve recently attended my Drs with the above negative for rheamatoid arthritis.\nDr diagnosed age related wear in hands and plantar fasciaitis in feet. Re read my blood tests from februarry below\n(noted that my serum Iron is low but im not anaemic) But I do supplement Iron as its always been very low and I sometimes get anameic as a kid.\nAlso added a private blood test I did a month before for active b12 (nhs wont check active b12) and hormones (I had a traumatic vasectomy 5 years ago, with triple haematomas)\n\nMARCH NHS TEST\n\nErythrocyte sedimentation rate: 2 mm/h (normal range: 2 - 10)\nPlasma C reactive protein: 1 mg/L (normal range: - 5)\nAnti-CCP antibody level: 0.6 u/mL (normal range: - 7.0)\nRheumatoid factor screen test:\nFull blood count - FBC\nHaemoglobin estimation: 152 g/L (normal range: 133 - 167)\nRed blood cell (RBC) count: 4.76 10*12/L (normal range: 4.32 - 5.66)\nHaematocrit: 0.443 L/L (normal range: 0.390 - 0.500)\nMean corpuscular volume (MCV): 93.1 fL (normal range: 80.0 - 100.0)\nMean corpusc. haemoglobin(MCH): 32.1 pg (normal range: 28.0 - 33.0)\nPlatelet count: 361 10*9/L (normal range: 150 - 400)\nTotal white cell count: 6.0 10*9/L (normal range: 3.5 - 11.0)\nNeutrophil count: 3.2 10*9/L (normal range: 2.0 - 7.5)\nLymphocyte count: 2.1 10*9/L (normal range: 1.0 - 3.5)\nMonocyte count: 0.6 10*9/L (normal range: 0.2 - 0.8)\nEosinophil count: 0.1 10*9/L (normal range: 0.0 - 0.4)\nBasophil count: 0.0 10*9/L (normal range: 0.0 - 0.2)\n\nBone profile\nSerum adjusted calcium conc: 2.23 mmol/L (normal range: 2.20 - 2.60)\nSerum inorganic phosphate: 1.06 mmol/L (normal range: 0.80 - 1.50)\nSerum albumin: 50 g/L (normal range: 35 - 50)\nSerum total protein: 75 g/L (normal range: 60 - 80)\nSerum globulin: 25 g/L (normal range: 19 - 35)\nSerum alkaline phosphatase: 91 u/L (normal range: 30 - 130)\n\nSerum lipids\nSerum total cholesterol level: 4.5 mmol/L (normal range: - 5.0)\nSerum triglycerides: 2.3 mmol/L (normal range: - 2.3)\nSerum HDL cholesterol level: 1.1 mmol/L (normal range: 1.0 - )\nSerum LDL cholesterol level: 2.3 mmol/L (normal range: - 3.0)\nSerum cholesterol/HDL ratio: 4.1 ratio (normal range: - 3.5)\nSe non HDL cholesterol level: 3.4 mmol/L\n\nIRON STUDIES\nSerum iron level: 12.8 umol/L (normal range: 13.0 - 32.0)\nSerum transferrin: 2.94 g/L (normal range: 2.00 - 3.60)\nSe unsat iron binding capacity: 67 umol/L (normal range: 45 - 70)\n% SATURATION OF IRON: 19 %\n\nLiver function test\nSerum total bilirubin level: 4 umol/L (normal range: - 21)\nSerum ALT level: 31 u/L (normal range: - 35)\nPlasma gamma GT level: 46 u/L (normal range: - 60)\n\nUrea and electrolytes\nSerum sodium: 139 mmol/L (normal range: 133 - 146)\nSerum potassium: 4.6 mmol/L (normal range: 3.5 - 5.3)\nSerum chloride: 100 mmol/L (normal range: 95 - 108)\nSerum bicarbonate: 26 mmol/L (normal range: 22 - 29)Serum urea level: 4.8 mmol/L (normal range: 2.5 - 7.8)\nSerum creatinine: 86 umol/L (normal range: 50 - 130)\nGFR calculated abbreviatd MDRD: 84 mL/min/1.73m^2 (normal range: 60 - )\nSerum anion gap: 18 mmol/L (normal range: 10 - 20)\n\nSerum ferritin: 159 ug/L (normal range: 30 - 400)\n\nThyroid function test\nSerum TSH level: 1.9 mu/L (normal range: 0.30 - 6.00)\nSerum free T4 level: 16.4 pmol/L (normal range: 10.0 - 22.0)\n\nB12/FOLATE\nSerum vitamin B12: 1101 ng/L (normal range: 200 - 770)\nSerum folate: 15.9 ug/L (normal range: 3.9 - 26.8)\nHbA1c levl - IFCC standardised: 36 IFCCmmol/mol (normal range: - 41)\n25-OH VIT D\n25-Hydroxyvitamin D2 level: 5 nmol/L\n25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 level: 91 nmol/L\nCombined total vit D2 + D3 lvl: 91 nmol/L (normal range: 75 - )\n\n\nPRIVATE TEST FOR ACTIVE B12 AND HORMONES FEBRUARY\nACTIVE B12 150 PMO;L/L\nALBUMIN 44.9 G/L\nCORTISOL 296 NMOL/L\nFSH 2.4 IU/L\nFREE ANDROGEN 67.19 RATIO\nFREE TESTOSTERONE 0.332 NMO/L\nLUTENISING HORMONE 6.11 U/L\nOESTROGEN 78.2 PMOL/L\nPROLACTIN 129 MU/L\nAHBG 19.2 NMOL/L\nTESTOSTORNE TOTAL 12.09\nTSH 1.47 MIU/L\nTHYROXINE 17.9 PMOL/L",
      "html": "&lt;!-- SC_OFF --&gt;&lt;div class=\"md\"&gt;&lt;p&gt;44 Y/O Male UK white 5&amp;#39;9 190lb&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Recent symptoms of Lethargy, painful joints especial in the morning, very painful feet and hands cognitively slower and tired all the time.\nMultiple trappecd nerves lasting weeks needing physio intervention, Sciatica, shoulder median nerve, ulnar, neck and others less severe and sporadic IE calves all trapping and pulling every week or month.&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;ADHD treated daily with 40mg lisdexamphetamine&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;10 year old b12 deficiency treated with monthly b12 shots\nTake Iron 200mg daily, Plus folic acide occasionally and occasionally a multi B vitamin (twice weekly)\nAlso take a 1000IU vitamin D daily.\n(The above b12 was diagnosed 10 years ago, I was obese, anxious, fatty liver, pre diabetic,sever asthma,  life long essential tremor etc, oral b12 didnt absorb tested pernicious anemia which was negative, but treated as such anyway, DR stated intrinsic factor test only 50% accurate so likely PA) had daily shots till symptoms subsided. Now monthly. (Within 6 months, lost 60lb, tremor gone, asthma and cough gone, anxiety gone. best mental and physical shape of my life)&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Ive recently attended my Drs with the above negative for rheamatoid arthritis.\nDr diagnosed age related wear in hands and plantar fasciaitis in feet. Re read my blood tests from februarry below\n(noted that my serum Iron is low but im not anaemic) But I do supplement Iron as its always been very low and I sometimes get anameic as a kid.\nAlso added a private blood test I did a month before for active b12 (nhs wont check active b12) and hormones (I had a traumatic vasectomy 5 years ago, with triple haematomas)&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;MARCH NHS TEST&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Erythrocyte sedimentation rate: 2 mm/h (normal range: 2 - 10)\nPlasma C reactive protein: 1 mg/L (normal range: - 5)\nAnti-CCP antibody level: 0.6 &lt;a href=\"/u/mL\"&gt;u/mL&lt;/a&gt; (normal range: - 7.0)\nRheumatoid factor screen test:\nFull blood count - FBC\nHaemoglobin estimation: 152 g/L (normal range: 133 - 167)\nRed blood cell (RBC) count: 4.76 10&lt;em&gt;12/L (normal range: 4.32 - 5.66)\nHaematocrit: 0.443 L/L (normal range: 0.390 - 0.500)\nMean corpuscular volume (MCV): 93.1 fL (normal range: 80.0 - 100.0)\nMean corpusc. haemoglobin(MCH): 32.1 pg (normal range: 28.0 - 33.0)\nPlatelet count: 361 10&lt;/em&gt;9/L (normal range: 150 - 400)\nTotal white cell count: 6.0 10&lt;em&gt;9/L (normal range: 3.5 - 11.0)\nNeutrophil count: 3.2 10&lt;/em&gt;9/L (normal range: 2.0 - 7.5)\nLymphocyte count: 2.1 10&lt;em&gt;9/L (normal range: 1.0 - 3.5)\nMonocyte count: 0.6 10&lt;/em&gt;9/L (normal range: 0.2 - 0.8)\nEosinophil count: 0.1 10&lt;em&gt;9/L (normal range: 0.0 - 0.4)\nBasophil count: 0.0 10&lt;/em&gt;9/L (normal range: 0.0 - 0.2)&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Bone profile\nSerum adjusted calcium conc: 2.23 mmol/L (normal range: 2.20 - 2.60)\nSerum inorganic phosphate: 1.06 mmol/L (normal range: 0.80 - 1.50)\nSerum albumin: 50 g/L (normal range: 35 - 50)\nSerum total protein: 75 g/L (normal range: 60 - 80)\nSerum globulin: 25 g/L (normal range: 19 - 35)\nSerum alkaline phosphatase: 91 &lt;a href=\"/u/L\"&gt;u/L&lt;/a&gt; (normal range: 30 - 130)&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Serum lipids\nSerum total cholesterol level: 4.5 mmol/L (normal range: - 5.0)\nSerum triglycerides: 2.3 mmol/L (normal range: - 2.3)\nSerum HDL cholesterol level: 1.1 mmol/L (normal range: 1.0 - )\nSerum LDL cholesterol level: 2.3 mmol/L (normal range: - 3.0)\nSerum cholesterol/HDL ratio: 4.1 ratio (normal range: - 3.5)\nSe non HDL cholesterol level: 3.4 mmol/L&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;IRON STUDIES\nSerum iron level: 12.8 umol/L (normal range: 13.0 - 32.0)\nSerum transferrin: 2.94 g/L (normal range: 2.00 - 3.60)\nSe unsat iron binding capacity: 67 umol/L (normal range: 45 - 70)\n% SATURATION OF IRON: 19 %&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Liver function test\nSerum total bilirubin level: 4 umol/L (normal range: - 21)\nSerum ALT level: 31 &lt;a href=\"/u/L\"&gt;u/L&lt;/a&gt; (normal range: - 35)\nPlasma gamma GT level: 46 &lt;a href=\"/u/L\"&gt;u/L&lt;/a&gt; (normal range: - 60)&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Urea and electrolytes\nSerum sodium: 139 mmol/L (normal range: 133 - 146)\nSerum potassium: 4.6 mmol/L (normal range: 3.5 - 5.3)\nSerum chloride: 100 mmol/L (normal range: 95 - 108)\nSerum bicarbonate: 26 mmol/L (normal range: 22 - 29)Serum urea level: 4.8 mmol/L (normal range: 2.5 - 7.8)\nSerum creatinine: 86 umol/L (normal range: 50 - 130)\nGFR calculated abbreviatd MDRD: 84 mL/min/1.73m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (normal range: 60 - )\nSerum anion gap: 18 mmol/L (normal range: 10 - 20)&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Serum ferritin: 159 ug/L (normal range: 30 - 400)&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Thyroid function test\nSerum TSH level: 1.9 mu/L (normal range: 0.30 - 6.00)\nSerum free T4 level: 16.4 pmol/L (normal range: 10.0 - 22.0)&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;B12/FOLATE\nSerum vitamin B12: 1101 ng/L (normal range: 200 - 770)\nSerum folate: 15.9 ug/L (normal range: 3.9 - 26.8)\nHbA1c levl - IFCC standardised: 36 IFCCmmol/mol (normal range: - 41)\n25-OH VIT D\n25-Hydroxyvitamin D2 level: 5 nmol/L\n25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 level: 91 nmol/L\nCombined total vit D2 + D3 lvl: 91 nmol/L (normal range: 75 - )&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;PRIVATE TEST FOR ACTIVE B12 AND HORMONES FEBRUARY\nACTIVE B12 150 PMO;L/L\nALBUMIN 44.9 G/L\nCORTISOL 296 NMOL/L\nFSH 2.4 IU/L\nFREE ANDROGEN 67.19 RATIO\nFREE TESTOSTERONE 0.332 NMO/L\nLUTENISING HORMONE 6.11 U/L\nOESTROGEN 78.2 PMOL/L\nPROLACTIN 129 MU/L\nAHBG 19.2 NMOL/L\nTESTOSTORNE TOTAL 12.09\nTSH 1.47 MIU/L\nTHYROXINE 17.9 PMOL/L&lt;/p&gt;\n&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!-- SC_ON --&gt;",
      "link": "https://www.reddit.com/r/AskDocs/comments/njunvm/really_sore_joints_trapped_nerves_and_history_of/",
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      "url": "https://www.reddit.com/r/TelogenEffluvium/comments/14g5wnc/possible_recovery/",
      "username": "shidl5",
      "userId": "t2_w9lpar52",
      "title": "Possible recovery",
      "communityName": "r/TelogenEffluvium",
      "parsedCommunityName": "TelogenEffluvium",
      "body": "20M\nI lost quite abit of my hair density (even body hair) and my shedding probably started around October 2022. Had covid in August and also started my weight loss journey around that time aswell. Left side of my hair took a big hit but had hair thinning everywhere on my scalp. My body hair was thin and sparse compared to before, and sometimes I'd be able to pull a couple off with ease.\n\nOnly took action around April 2023 and went to my GP to get some blood test, and I was deficient in Vitamin D. Got a buzzcut right after and ever since then I've been taking 1000iu tablets, and its pretty sunny nowadays in the UK so I walk around outside to reach my 15k step goal. Bumped my calorie intake to 2000 calories just so I can fit in my nutrients\n\nReaching around the 3 month mark, seeing some tiny hairs around my temples (barely visible but can see a bunch there but I heard hair growth is usually thin). Also noticed hair growing on my forearms and wrists. Still shedding a little bit though, if I was to give an approximate, I notice around 20 - 30 hairs. Hope it is a good sign.",
      "html": "&lt;!-- SC_OFF --&gt;&lt;div class=\"md\"&gt;&lt;p&gt;20M\nI lost quite abit of my hair density (even body hair) and my shedding probably started around October 2022. Had covid in August and also started my weight loss journey around that time aswell. Left side of my hair took a big hit but had hair thinning everywhere on my scalp. My body hair was thin and sparse compared to before, and sometimes I&amp;#39;d be able to pull a couple off with ease.&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Only took action around April 2023 and went to my GP to get some blood test, and I was deficient in Vitamin D. Got a buzzcut right after and ever since then I&amp;#39;ve been taking 1000iu tablets, and its pretty sunny nowadays in the UK so I walk around outside to reach my 15k step goal. Bumped my calorie intake to 2000 calories just so I can fit in my nutrients&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Reaching around the 3 month mark, seeing some tiny hairs around my temples (barely visible but can see a bunch there but I heard hair growth is usually thin). Also noticed hair growing on my forearms and wrists. Still shedding a little bit though, if I was to give an approximate, I notice around 20 - 30 hairs. Hope it is a good sign.&lt;/p&gt;\n&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!-- SC_ON --&gt;",
      "link": "https://www.reddit.com/r/TelogenEffluvium/comments/14g5wnc/possible_recovery/",
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      "createdAt": "2023-06-22T15:03:10.000Z",
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      "id": "t3_u56geu",
      "parsedId": "u56geu",
      "url": "https://www.reddit.com/r/Supplements/comments/u56geu/what_can_i_cut_replace_to_reduce_my_monthly_cost/",
      "username": "glastonbury13",
      "userId": "t2_108dxn",
      "title": "What can I cut / replace to reduce my monthly cost?",
      "communityName": "r/Supplements",
      "parsedCommunityName": "Supplements",
      "body": "I'm hoping some of you might have the knowledge to advise on what I can cut / replace for a cheaper version? 🙏\n\nI'm currently paying £120 a month for my daily intake of vitamins &amp; supplements....\n\n\n- green nutrient powder\n- vitamin c (1200mg acerola cherry vit c)\n- omega 3 (750mg active omega 3)\n- tumeric / piperine ( 1200mg tumeric &amp; black pepper)\n- vit d (1000iu)\n- probiotics ( 5 strains of Acidophilus Complex)\n\nLactobacillus Acidophilus\nLactobacillus Salivarius\nLactobacillus Rhamnosus\nStreptococcus Thermophilus\nBifidobacterium Bifidum\n\n\nwww.leangreens.com/products/the-whole-enchilada\n\nwww.amazon.co.uk/dp/B08LP2PGKB/ref=cm_sw_r_apan_i_dl_TX9NQYKDBCPAZ94K85NJ\n\n- - - - - - - - \n\nI had cancer when I was 19 and lost most of my family to cancer, so I try to stay healthy to increase my chances of seeing my son grow old ♥️",
      "html": "&lt;!-- SC_OFF --&gt;&lt;div class=\"md\"&gt;&lt;p&gt;I&amp;#39;m hoping some of you might have the knowledge to advise on what I can cut / replace for a cheaper version? 🙏&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;I&amp;#39;m currently paying £120 a month for my daily intake of vitamins &amp;amp; supplements....&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;ul&gt;\n&lt;li&gt;green nutrient powder&lt;/li&gt;\n&lt;li&gt;vitamin c (1200mg acerola cherry vit c)&lt;/li&gt;\n&lt;li&gt;omega 3 (750mg active omega 3)&lt;/li&gt;\n&lt;li&gt;tumeric / piperine ( 1200mg tumeric &amp;amp; black pepper)&lt;/li&gt;\n&lt;li&gt;vit d (1000iu)&lt;/li&gt;\n&lt;li&gt;probiotics ( 5 strains of Acidophilus Complex)&lt;/li&gt;\n&lt;/ul&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Lactobacillus Acidophilus\nLactobacillus Salivarius\nLactobacillus Rhamnosus\nStreptococcus Thermophilus\nBifidobacterium Bifidum&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=\"http://www.leangreens.com/products/the-whole-enchilada\"&gt;www.leangreens.com/products/the-whole-enchilada&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=\"http://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/B08LP2PGKB/ref=cm_sw_r_apan_i_dl_TX9NQYKDBCPAZ94K85NJ\"&gt;www.amazon.co.uk/dp/B08LP2PGKB/ref=cm_sw_r_apan_i_dl_TX9NQYKDBCPAZ94K85NJ&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;hr/&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;I had cancer when I was 19 and lost most of my family to cancer, so I try to stay healthy to increase my chances of seeing my son grow old ♥️&lt;/p&gt;\n&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!-- SC_ON --&gt;",
      "link": "https://www.reddit.com/r/Supplements/comments/u56geu/what_can_i_cut_replace_to_reduce_my_monthly_cost/",
      "numberOfComments": 12,
      "flair": "General Question",
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    {
      "id": "t3_1prsmvj",
      "parsedId": "1prsmvj",
      "url": "https://www.reddit.com/r/sleep/comments/1prsmvj/lutein_and_zeaxanthin_supplement_causing_better/",
      "username": "Shy_Joe",
      "userId": "t2_12k7es",
      "title": "Lutein and zeaxanthin supplement causing better quality of sleep?",
      "communityName": "r/sleep",
      "parsedCommunityName": "sleep",
      "body": "I've suffered through, insomnia/poor quality of sleep, most of my life.   I also suffer from dry eyes.  The dry eyes had gotten so bad that I decided to start taking a lutein and zeaxanthin supplement.  A couple of days after starting the supplement I noticed I was falling asleep much quicker/easier and sleeping more deeply.  I'm a couple weeks in now and my quality of sleep is the best I've had my entire life.  I credit the supplement as I've changed nothing else.\n\nHas anyone else experienced such a thing with a lutein and zeaxanthin supplement?  My dry eyes are much better now but I'm more happy with the sleep.  Thought I would put that out there for anyone interested.  Could be a fluke but I'm going to continue taking the supplement.",
      "html": "&lt;!-- SC_OFF --&gt;&lt;div class=\"md\"&gt;&lt;p&gt;I&amp;#39;ve suffered through, insomnia/poor quality of sleep, most of my life.   I also suffer from dry eyes.  The dry eyes had gotten so bad that I decided to start taking a lutein and zeaxanthin supplement.  A couple of days after starting the supplement I noticed I was falling asleep much quicker/easier and sleeping more deeply.  I&amp;#39;m a couple weeks in now and my quality of sleep is the best I&amp;#39;ve had my entire life.  I credit the supplement as I&amp;#39;ve changed nothing else.&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Has anyone else experienced such a thing with a lutein and zeaxanthin supplement?  My dry eyes are much better now but I&amp;#39;m more happy with the sleep.  Thought I would put that out there for anyone interested.  Could be a fluke but I&amp;#39;m going to continue taking the supplement.&lt;/p&gt;\n&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!-- SC_ON --&gt;",
      "link": "https://www.reddit.com/r/sleep/comments/1prsmvj/lutein_and_zeaxanthin_supplement_causing_better/",
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    {
      "id": "t3_tx4ebp",
      "parsedId": "tx4ebp",
      "url": "https://www.reddit.com/r/ScientificNutrition/comments/tx4ebp/apparently_lutein_is_incredibly_important_for/",
      "username": "Bluest_waters",
      "userId": "t2_6m2x7",
      "title": "Apparently Lutein is incredibly important for brain function, cognition and staves off dementia. But what's crazy is how little we actually know about this! But good news: You can actually test your brain for lutein content.",
      "communityName": "r/ScientificNutrition",
      "parsedCommunityName": "ScientificNutrition",
      "body": "Lutein accumulates in the brain in very large amounts. However, other carotenoids do not. \n\nhttps://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/4/4/547/htm\n\n&gt;As stated above, lutein and its isomer zeaxanthin are the only carotenoids that are selectively deposited in the fovea to form the macular pigment. Given that, like the brain, the retina is composed of neural tissue, lutein is also being evaluated for a role in cognitive function [1,2,12]. Furthermore, cognitive impairment has been shown to be related to age-related eye diseases [23], suggesting that similar risk factors are involved in their etiologies.\nAs in the retina, ***lutein is the dominant carotenoid throughout human brain tissue, including regions controlling various aspects of cognition*** [12].\n\nLutein ONLY accumulates in the brain of primates, not mice or other animals. This means mice studies are worthless in this area and only studies done on primates are relevant. \n\n&gt; While it has been known since 2004 that lutein is found in the human brain [9], progress in testing lutein’s importance for brain function has been limited by the lack of appropriate animal models. Most commonly utilized animal models of nutrition and cognition have poor absorption and negligible tissue deposition of lutein. Only human and nonhuman primates have a macula with a central fovea, a structure that selectively accumulates lutein and zeaxanthin, resulting in the ophthalmoscopically visible yellow macular pigment (Figure 1). \n\nBut what function does lutein perform in the brain? We literally don't know. But there are some educated guesses including preventing DHA from being oxidized.\n\n&gt;**Lutein is likely neuroprotective through its role as an antioxidant,** an effect that may apply globally and not be limited to specific regions or cognitive domains. The brain is especially vulnerable to free radical attack due to its high polyunsaturated fatty acid content and high metabolic activity. Lutein is differentially localized to membrane domains rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids including DHA, and therefore is well positioned to block oxidation of these vulnerable lipids [28]. Inhibition of DHA oxidation not only helps to maintain membrane structure and fluidity but also preserves DHA so it remains available for cleavage and conversion into anti-inflammatory molecules [29]. Although the mechanisms by which lutein and DHA may function together is unclear, elevated DHA oxidation has been observed in the brains of Alzheimer’s disease and cognitively impaired patients; [29], therefore, this potential lipid-protective action by lutein may, in part, explain the relationship between lutein and cognition.\n\nLutein may also ensure cell viability \n\n&gt;Cognitive impairment can be caused by brain cell damage, dysfunction, and death, and in particular by loss of neural connectivity. Given that brain viability is affected by the structural integrity and function of its membranes, lutein located within these brain membranes may influence cognition by maintaining cell viability through inhibition of these processes. Lutein is known to accumulate in cell membranes [32] and axonal projections [33], due to its amphipathic structure [30]\n\nLutein may protect mitochondria by quenching ROS \n\n&gt;Mitochondrial health is also an important determinant of overall cell viability. In healthy cells, reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by mitochondria as a byproduct of ATP production are neutralized by the antioxidant defense network. However, an imbalance between these processes, due to either increased ROS production or decreased antioxidant capacity, leads to oxidative stress and cell damage [41]. Damaged mitochondria have elevated ROS production due to less efficient ATP synthesis, and can cause cell death [41]. Therefore, lutein accumulated in the mitochondria may protect this organelle from damage\n\nIn this study elderly men were given Lutein supplements and then had their mental preformance tested. The supplements seemed to improve cognitive function \n\nhttps://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-the-international-neuropsychological-society/article/lutein-and-zeaxanthin-influence-brain-function-in-older-adults-a-randomized-controlled-trial/E85D79620FBE07CB746ACBECECF4752F\n\n&gt;Results: L and Z appeared to buffer cognitive decline on the verbal learning task (Cohen’s d=.84). Significant interactions during learning were observed in left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex (p &lt; .05, family-wise-error corrected). However, these effects were in the direction of increased rather than decreased BOLD signal. Although the omnibus interaction was not significant during recall, within-group contrasts revealed significant increases in left prefrontal activation in the supplement group only. Conclusions: L and Z supplementation appears to benefit neurocognitive function by enhancing cerebral perfusion, even if consumed for a discrete period of time in late life. (JINS, 2018, 24, 77–90)\n\nThis study used MRI imaging to show increased brain activity with after lutein supplementation \n\nhttps://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/6/1746\n\n&gt;Three intervention studies using MRI indicated that 10 mg lutein intake over 12 months had a positive impact on healthy older adults’ brain activities during learning, resting-state connectivity, and gray matter volumes. Four cross-sectional studies using MRI suggested that lutein was positively associated with brain structure and neural efficiency during cognitive tasks. Conclusion: Although only nine studies that used similar datasets were reviewed, this systematic review indicates that lutein has beneficial effects on healthy older adults’ brain health.\n\nIf you are wondering if you have adequate brain levels of lutein its actuall easy to check. Get a test called Macular pigment optical density (MPOD). This can be had at many optician joints. It tests the lutein content of your macular nerves. Whats great is that the lutein content of your eyes is heavily correlated with the lutein content of your brain (according to primate studies). So you can easily know your brain level of lutein. \n\nhttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28535707/\n\n&gt;This is the first study to demonstrate that retinal L and Z, measured as MPOD, is positively related to academic achievement in children, even after accounting for the robust effects of IQ and other demographic factors. These findings extend the positive associations observed between MPOD and cognitive abilities to a pediatric population. Trail registration: The Fitness Improves Thinking in Kids 2 (FITKids2) trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov",
      "html": "&lt;!-- SC_OFF --&gt;&lt;div class=\"md\"&gt;&lt;p&gt;Lutein accumulates in the brain in very large amounts. However, other carotenoids do not. &lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=\"https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/4/4/547/htm\"&gt;https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/4/4/547/htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;blockquote&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;As stated above, lutein and its isomer zeaxanthin are the only carotenoids that are selectively deposited in the fovea to form the macular pigment. Given that, like the brain, the retina is composed of neural tissue, lutein is also being evaluated for a role in cognitive function [1,2,12]. Furthermore, cognitive impairment has been shown to be related to age-related eye diseases [23], suggesting that similar risk factors are involved in their etiologies.\nAs in the retina, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;lutein is the dominant carotenoid throughout human brain tissue, including regions controlling various aspects of cognition&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; [12].&lt;/p&gt;\n&lt;/blockquote&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Lutein ONLY accumulates in the brain of primates, not mice or other animals. This means mice studies are worthless in this area and only studies done on primates are relevant. &lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;blockquote&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;While it has been known since 2004 that lutein is found in the human brain [9], progress in testing lutein’s importance for brain function has been limited by the lack of appropriate animal models. Most commonly utilized animal models of nutrition and cognition have poor absorption and negligible tissue deposition of lutein. Only human and nonhuman primates have a macula with a central fovea, a structure that selectively accumulates lutein and zeaxanthin, resulting in the ophthalmoscopically visible yellow macular pigment (Figure 1). &lt;/p&gt;\n&lt;/blockquote&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;But what function does lutein perform in the brain? We literally don&amp;#39;t know. But there are some educated guesses including preventing DHA from being oxidized.&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;blockquote&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Lutein is likely neuroprotective through its role as an antioxidant,&lt;/strong&gt; an effect that may apply globally and not be limited to specific regions or cognitive domains. The brain is especially vulnerable to free radical attack due to its high polyunsaturated fatty acid content and high metabolic activity. Lutein is differentially localized to membrane domains rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids including DHA, and therefore is well positioned to block oxidation of these vulnerable lipids [28]. Inhibition of DHA oxidation not only helps to maintain membrane structure and fluidity but also preserves DHA so it remains available for cleavage and conversion into anti-inflammatory molecules [29]. Although the mechanisms by which lutein and DHA may function together is unclear, elevated DHA oxidation has been observed in the brains of Alzheimer’s disease and cognitively impaired patients; [29], therefore, this potential lipid-protective action by lutein may, in part, explain the relationship between lutein and cognition.&lt;/p&gt;\n&lt;/blockquote&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Lutein may also ensure cell viability &lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;blockquote&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Cognitive impairment can be caused by brain cell damage, dysfunction, and death, and in particular by loss of neural connectivity. Given that brain viability is affected by the structural integrity and function of its membranes, lutein located within these brain membranes may influence cognition by maintaining cell viability through inhibition of these processes. Lutein is known to accumulate in cell membranes [32] and axonal projections [33], due to its amphipathic structure [30]&lt;/p&gt;\n&lt;/blockquote&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Lutein may protect mitochondria by quenching ROS &lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;blockquote&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Mitochondrial health is also an important determinant of overall cell viability. In healthy cells, reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by mitochondria as a byproduct of ATP production are neutralized by the antioxidant defense network. However, an imbalance between these processes, due to either increased ROS production or decreased antioxidant capacity, leads to oxidative stress and cell damage [41]. Damaged mitochondria have elevated ROS production due to less efficient ATP synthesis, and can cause cell death [41]. Therefore, lutein accumulated in the mitochondria may protect this organelle from damage&lt;/p&gt;\n&lt;/blockquote&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;In this study elderly men were given Lutein supplements and then had their mental preformance tested. The supplements seemed to improve cognitive function &lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-the-international-neuropsychological-society/article/lutein-and-zeaxanthin-influence-brain-function-in-older-adults-a-randomized-controlled-trial/E85D79620FBE07CB746ACBECECF4752F\"&gt;https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-the-international-neuropsychological-society/article/lutein-and-zeaxanthin-influence-brain-function-in-older-adults-a-randomized-controlled-trial/E85D79620FBE07CB746ACBECECF4752F&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;blockquote&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Results: L and Z appeared to buffer cognitive decline on the verbal learning task (Cohen’s d=.84). Significant interactions during learning were observed in left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex (p &amp;lt; .05, family-wise-error corrected). However, these effects were in the direction of increased rather than decreased BOLD signal. Although the omnibus interaction was not significant during recall, within-group contrasts revealed significant increases in left prefrontal activation in the supplement group only. Conclusions: L and Z supplementation appears to benefit neurocognitive function by enhancing cerebral perfusion, even if consumed for a discrete period of time in late life. (JINS, 2018, 24, 77–90)&lt;/p&gt;\n&lt;/blockquote&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;This study used MRI imaging to show increased brain activity with after lutein supplementation &lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=\"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/6/1746\"&gt;https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/6/1746&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;blockquote&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Three intervention studies using MRI indicated that 10 mg lutein intake over 12 months had a positive impact on healthy older adults’ brain activities during learning, resting-state connectivity, and gray matter volumes. Four cross-sectional studies using MRI suggested that lutein was positively associated with brain structure and neural efficiency during cognitive tasks. Conclusion: Although only nine studies that used similar datasets were reviewed, this systematic review indicates that lutein has beneficial effects on healthy older adults’ brain health.&lt;/p&gt;\n&lt;/blockquote&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;If you are wondering if you have adequate brain levels of lutein its actuall easy to check. Get a test called Macular pigment optical density (MPOD). This can be had at many optician joints. It tests the lutein content of your macular nerves. Whats great is that the lutein content of your eyes is heavily correlated with the lutein content of your brain (according to primate studies). So you can easily know your brain level of lutein. &lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28535707/\"&gt;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28535707/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;blockquote&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;This is the first study to demonstrate that retinal L and Z, measured as MPOD, is positively related to academic achievement in children, even after accounting for the robust effects of IQ and other demographic factors. These findings extend the positive associations observed between MPOD and cognitive abilities to a pediatric population. Trail registration: The Fitness Improves Thinking in Kids 2 (FITKids2) trial was registered at &lt;a href=\"http://www.clinicaltrials.gov\"&gt;www.clinicaltrials.gov&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;\n&lt;/blockquote&gt;\n&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!-- SC_ON --&gt;",
      "link": "https://www.reddit.com/r/ScientificNutrition/comments/tx4ebp/apparently_lutein_is_incredibly_important_for/",
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      "username": "GarifalliaPapa",
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      "title": "Avocados significantly increase lifespan. Here are scientific evidence and best ways to eat Avocados with similiar foods suggestions full of monounsaturated fats, Vitamin E, Lutein and zeaxanthin.",
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      "body": "Avocados are one of those foods people think are just trendy, but when you look deeper, you realize they do something far more important: they protect your body from aging. They keep your arteries flexible, your cells calmer, your brain sharper, and your energy steady. And that’s the truth that convinces people. They’re not just delicious, they actually touch the parts of the body that decide how long we live. When your cardiovascular system stays young, your whole body stays young, and avocados directly support this by lowering LDL, raising HDL, reducing arterial inflammation, and calming oxidative stress that slowly damages blood vessels over time.\n\nWhat surprises most people is how similar avocado fats are to the ones found in extra-virgin olive oil, the same fats that help Mediterranean populations live the longest lives on Earth. These monounsaturated fats don’t just “look healthy” on nutrition labels; they help mitochondria perform better, they lower chronic inflammation, and they support metabolic health in a way that slows down the aging process from the inside out. They act almost like a natural shield against the wear and tear of everyday stress.\n\nAnother gift avocados give is steady blood sugar. High spikes age the body faster, pushing inflammation and harming cells. But when you add avocado to a meal, your glucose response is smoother and your insulin works more efficiently. People feel this without even realizing why. They stay full longer, their energy lasts, and their body experiences less of the daily damage that builds up over years. Alongside this, inflammatory markers like CRP, IL-6, and TNF-alpha drop when avocados become a regular habit. A calmer body is a slower-aging body.\n\nOne of the most powerful things about avocados, and something that convinces almost everyone, is how they increase the absorption of other nutrients. They boost carotenoid uptake like lycopene, lutein, beta-carotene, and zeaxanthin by two to four times. That means if you eat avocados with tomatoes, leafy greens, or carrots, you get much more nutrition from those foods than you would alone. Tell people avocados “turn healthy meals into supercharged meals,” and they instantly understand why this fruit is so special.\n\nAvocados also carry rare nutrients that work together like a natural anti-aging formula. Vitamin E protects your cells from oxidative damage. Lutein and zeaxanthin protect the brain and eyes from age-related decline. Magnesium is linked to longer telomeres, the tiny caps that protect your chromosomes. Potassium supports your heart and kidneys for long-term health. Folate helps your DNA repair itself. And phytosterols help lower inflammation and keep cholesterol balanced. Few foods pack all of these into one place, especially in such an easy-to-absorb form.\n\nYour gut benefits too. Avocados feed beneficial microbes with their fiber and polyphenols, helping produce short-chain fatty acids that reduce inflammation and improve metabolic health. A healthy gut is strongly tied to slower aging, better immunity, and clearer thinking. When your microbiome thrives, your whole body feels younger.\n\nIf you explain avocados with simple, living metaphors, people listen. You can say they act like “lubrication for your arteries,” keeping blood vessels smooth and youthful. Or describe them as a “metabolic shock absorber,” softening the impact of big meals. Or say they “help other nutrients work harder,” which is completely true because of the carotenoid absorption effect. These images stick with people, and they make the science feel real.\n\nLarge population studies help seal the message. People who eat avocados regularly have lower cardiovascular risk, healthier waistlines, better insulin sensitivity, and lower inflammation. Even though correlation isn’t causation, the pattern is too strong to ignore. When you combine the human data with the biological pathways, you can see the whole picture clearly: avocados help people live longer, healthier lives.\n\nThe best way to eat them is raw and simple. Half to one avocado a day gives you the full benefit. They pair beautifully with leafy greens, letting your body absorb far more carotenoids from spinach, kale, and arugula. They mix perfectly with tomatoes, creating a powerful anti-aging duo because avocados make lycopene more available. Eggs with avocado form a brain-protecting, eye-protecting meal thanks to the fats helping you absorb vitamin D, choline, lutein, and zeaxanthin. Smoothies with avocado, blueberries, and leafy greens turn into thick, nourishing longevity drinks. And of course, guacamole (with lime, tomato, onion, garlic, cilantro) is a simple and effective way to eat all these nutrients fresh.\n\nIf you want the best types, Hass avocados are the champions: the richest in monounsaturated fats and carotenoids. Reed avocados come close with their buttery texture. Fuerte is lighter but still excellent. Even the milder Bacon and Zutano types give you meaningful benefits. What matters is making avocados a part of your life, because every day they help your arteries, your brain, your cells, and your metabolism function in a younger way.\n\nWhen you put all of this into one message, it becomes extremely convincing. Avocados don’t just taste good. They actively slow aging in multiple ways. They protect your heart, stabilize your blood sugar, reduce inflammation, feed your microbiome, strengthen your cells, and help other nutrients shine. They really are one of the simplest daily choices anyone can make to live longer and feel better.",
      "html": "&lt;!-- SC_OFF --&gt;&lt;div class=\"md\"&gt;&lt;p&gt;Avocados are one of those foods people think are just trendy, but when you look deeper, you realize they do something far more important: they protect your body from aging. They keep your arteries flexible, your cells calmer, your brain sharper, and your energy steady. And that’s the truth that convinces people. They’re not just delicious, they actually touch the parts of the body that decide how long we live. When your cardiovascular system stays young, your whole body stays young, and avocados directly support this by lowering LDL, raising HDL, reducing arterial inflammation, and calming oxidative stress that slowly damages blood vessels over time.&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;What surprises most people is how similar avocado fats are to the ones found in extra-virgin olive oil, the same fats that help Mediterranean populations live the longest lives on Earth. These monounsaturated fats don’t just “look healthy” on nutrition labels; they help mitochondria perform better, they lower chronic inflammation, and they support metabolic health in a way that slows down the aging process from the inside out. They act almost like a natural shield against the wear and tear of everyday stress.&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Another gift avocados give is steady blood sugar. High spikes age the body faster, pushing inflammation and harming cells. But when you add avocado to a meal, your glucose response is smoother and your insulin works more efficiently. People feel this without even realizing why. They stay full longer, their energy lasts, and their body experiences less of the daily damage that builds up over years. Alongside this, inflammatory markers like CRP, IL-6, and TNF-alpha drop when avocados become a regular habit. A calmer body is a slower-aging body.&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;One of the most powerful things about avocados, and something that convinces almost everyone, is how they increase the absorption of other nutrients. They boost carotenoid uptake like lycopene, lutein, beta-carotene, and zeaxanthin by two to four times. That means if you eat avocados with tomatoes, leafy greens, or carrots, you get much more nutrition from those foods than you would alone. Tell people avocados “turn healthy meals into supercharged meals,” and they instantly understand why this fruit is so special.&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Avocados also carry rare nutrients that work together like a natural anti-aging formula. Vitamin E protects your cells from oxidative damage. Lutein and zeaxanthin protect the brain and eyes from age-related decline. Magnesium is linked to longer telomeres, the tiny caps that protect your chromosomes. Potassium supports your heart and kidneys for long-term health. Folate helps your DNA repair itself. And phytosterols help lower inflammation and keep cholesterol balanced. Few foods pack all of these into one place, especially in such an easy-to-absorb form.&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Your gut benefits too. Avocados feed beneficial microbes with their fiber and polyphenols, helping produce short-chain fatty acids that reduce inflammation and improve metabolic health. A healthy gut is strongly tied to slower aging, better immunity, and clearer thinking. When your microbiome thrives, your whole body feels younger.&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;If you explain avocados with simple, living metaphors, people listen. You can say they act like “lubrication for your arteries,” keeping blood vessels smooth and youthful. Or describe them as a “metabolic shock absorber,” softening the impact of big meals. Or say they “help other nutrients work harder,” which is completely true because of the carotenoid absorption effect. These images stick with people, and they make the science feel real.&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Large population studies help seal the message. People who eat avocados regularly have lower cardiovascular risk, healthier waistlines, better insulin sensitivity, and lower inflammation. Even though correlation isn’t causation, the pattern is too strong to ignore. When you combine the human data with the biological pathways, you can see the whole picture clearly: avocados help people live longer, healthier lives.&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;The best way to eat them is raw and simple. Half to one avocado a day gives you the full benefit. They pair beautifully with leafy greens, letting your body absorb far more carotenoids from spinach, kale, and arugula. They mix perfectly with tomatoes, creating a powerful anti-aging duo because avocados make lycopene more available. Eggs with avocado form a brain-protecting, eye-protecting meal thanks to the fats helping you absorb vitamin D, choline, lutein, and zeaxanthin. Smoothies with avocado, blueberries, and leafy greens turn into thick, nourishing longevity drinks. And of course, guacamole (with lime, tomato, onion, garlic, cilantro) is a simple and effective way to eat all these nutrients fresh.&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;If you want the best types, Hass avocados are the champions: the richest in monounsaturated fats and carotenoids. Reed avocados come close with their buttery texture. Fuerte is lighter but still excellent. Even the milder Bacon and Zutano types give you meaningful benefits. What matters is making avocados a part of your life, because every day they help your arteries, your brain, your cells, and your metabolism function in a younger way.&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;When you put all of this into one message, it becomes extremely convincing. Avocados don’t just taste good. They actively slow aging in multiple ways. They protect your heart, stabilize your blood sugar, reduce inflammation, feed your microbiome, strengthen your cells, and help other nutrients shine. They really are one of the simplest daily choices anyone can make to live longer and feel better.&lt;/p&gt;\n&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!-- SC_ON --&gt;",
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      "title": "Post op vitamins - combined option? (UK)",
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      "body": "Hey everyone! I’m one week post op and will need to start my vitamins from next week. There’s so many! I’m wondering does anyone know of a good combined vitamin option that can be got in the UK or even shipped here?\n\nThis is what I have to take:",
      "html": "&lt;!-- SC_OFF --&gt;&lt;div class=\"md\"&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hey everyone! I’m one week post op and will need to start my vitamins from next week. There’s so many! I’m wondering does anyone know of a good combined vitamin option that can be got in the UK or even shipped here?&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;This is what I have to take:&lt;/p&gt;\n&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!-- SC_ON --&gt;",
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      "title": "April 2026 Costco U.S. Savings Book Preview: Instant Savings \"Coupon\" Book Member-Only In-Warehouse &amp; Online Savings Valid April 6 - May 3, 2026 via Costco Insider - includes Rao's, Kerrygold Butter, Huggies and Pampers Diapers, WooZoo Globe Fan, Bounty, Royal Asia Prawn Hacao, Sereen Sectional",
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      "body": "Friendly reminder that if you purchased any of the savings book items recently, you can request a price adjustment for the difference at your warehouse if it's been within 30 days from your purchase date once the sale starts.\n\nAt my warehouse, it's at the returns counter, at other warehouses, it may be a different counter.\n\nSome warehouses may require a physical receipt, but most usually don't.\n\nBut it's helpful if you have the item number.\n\nIf you purchased online, it's even easier:\nhttps://www.costco.com/PriceAdjustmentView\n\nNote: \"YOUR COST\" items are NOT discounted.",
      "html": "&lt;!-- SC_OFF --&gt;&lt;div class=\"md\"&gt;&lt;p&gt;Friendly reminder that if you purchased any of the savings book items recently, you can request a price adjustment for the difference at your warehouse if it&amp;#39;s been within 30 days from your purchase date once the sale starts.&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;At my warehouse, it&amp;#39;s at the returns counter, at other warehouses, it may be a different counter.&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Some warehouses may require a physical receipt, but most usually don&amp;#39;t.&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;But it&amp;#39;s helpful if you have the item number.&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;If you purchased online, it&amp;#39;s even easier:\n&lt;a href=\"https://www.costco.com/PriceAdjustmentView\"&gt;https://www.costco.com/PriceAdjustmentView&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Note: &amp;quot;YOUR COST&amp;quot; items are NOT discounted.&lt;/p&gt;\n&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!-- SC_ON --&gt;",
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      "flair": "Coupon Book Warehouse Savings",
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      "body": "Being indoors most of the day and looking at a computer screen drives me insane when it's dark for most of the day. Eye strain and cabin fever are tough. I force myself to go to the gym in the morning and for frequent cold walks just to get out of the house. Occasionally work from coffeeshops, which also have dark artificial lighting. Invested in a high-quality screen and better lighting around the home. WTH in the wintertime feels a little like prison.\n\nAny tips on how to make it manageable?  \n\n\n&amp;#x200B;\n\nEDIT: Wow, so much input! For those of you stopping by to skim responses for advice, here's a consolidated list from what I can gather:\n\n&amp;#x200B;\n\n* Reproduce elements of the environment that are missing:\n   * Get a SAD Light Box\n   * Vitamin D Supplements\n   * Find an indoor swimming pool\n   * Heat therapy (sauna, tanning bed)\n   * Surround yourself with plants\n   * Improve lighting in your environment (string lights, extra lamps)\n* Stay occupied:\n   * Settle into indoor hobbies\n   * Surrender to the season and get cozy\n   * Set goals for yourself\n   * Get a desk/walking treadmill\n   * Do chores, use the downtime to deep clean\n* Find ways of staying active and getting fresh air:\n   * Sometimes, you just have to bundle up and force yourself out the door\n   * Periodic walks outside\n   * Find a winter sport to enjoy\n   * Commit to a gym routine\n   * Simply take breaks to go outside\n* Find reasons to get out of the home:\n   * Work from a coffeeshop or library\n   * Plan something to do with friends, preferably reoccurring\n   * Shovel for neighbors\n* Schedule a getaway to a warmer climate\n* Accept &amp; deal with it\n* Shift your work schedule to take advantage of daylight in your free time\n* Find something to look forward to that is exclusive to fall and winter months\n* Get a therapist\n* Medication for depression\n* Complain\n* Semi-hibernate (sleep a lot)\n* Be near windows often\n\n&amp;#x200B;\n\nI haven't noticed anyone mentioning supplements for healthy eyes! Since we're looking at artificial light and blue screens more often, it's important to keep our eyes healthy. Lutein, Zeaxanthin, Zinc, Vitamins A &amp; E.\n\n&amp;#x200B;\n\nThank you everyone!",
      "html": "&lt;!-- SC_OFF --&gt;&lt;div class=\"md\"&gt;&lt;p&gt;Being indoors most of the day and looking at a computer screen drives me insane when it&amp;#39;s dark for most of the day. Eye strain and cabin fever are tough. I force myself to go to the gym in the morning and for frequent cold walks just to get out of the house. Occasionally work from coffeeshops, which also have dark artificial lighting. Invested in a high-quality screen and better lighting around the home. WTH in the wintertime feels a little like prison.&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Any tips on how to make it manageable?  &lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;&amp;#x200B;&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;EDIT: Wow, so much input! For those of you stopping by to skim responses for advice, here&amp;#39;s a consolidated list from what I can gather:&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;&amp;#x200B;&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;ul&gt;\n&lt;li&gt;Reproduce elements of the environment that are missing:\n\n&lt;ul&gt;\n&lt;li&gt;Get a SAD Light Box&lt;/li&gt;\n&lt;li&gt;Vitamin D Supplements&lt;/li&gt;\n&lt;li&gt;Find an indoor swimming pool&lt;/li&gt;\n&lt;li&gt;Heat therapy (sauna, tanning bed)&lt;/li&gt;\n&lt;li&gt;Surround yourself with plants&lt;/li&gt;\n&lt;li&gt;Improve lighting in your environment (string lights, extra lamps)&lt;/li&gt;\n&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;\n&lt;li&gt;Stay occupied:\n\n&lt;ul&gt;\n&lt;li&gt;Settle into indoor hobbies&lt;/li&gt;\n&lt;li&gt;Surrender to the season and get cozy&lt;/li&gt;\n&lt;li&gt;Set goals for yourself&lt;/li&gt;\n&lt;li&gt;Get a desk/walking treadmill&lt;/li&gt;\n&lt;li&gt;Do chores, use the downtime to deep clean&lt;/li&gt;\n&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;\n&lt;li&gt;Find ways of staying active and getting fresh air:\n\n&lt;ul&gt;\n&lt;li&gt;Sometimes, you just have to bundle up and force yourself out the door&lt;/li&gt;\n&lt;li&gt;Periodic walks outside&lt;/li&gt;\n&lt;li&gt;Find a winter sport to enjoy&lt;/li&gt;\n&lt;li&gt;Commit to a gym routine&lt;/li&gt;\n&lt;li&gt;Simply take breaks to go outside&lt;/li&gt;\n&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;\n&lt;li&gt;Find reasons to get out of the home:\n\n&lt;ul&gt;\n&lt;li&gt;Work from a coffeeshop or library&lt;/li&gt;\n&lt;li&gt;Plan something to do with friends, preferably reoccurring&lt;/li&gt;\n&lt;li&gt;Shovel for neighbors&lt;/li&gt;\n&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;\n&lt;li&gt;Schedule a getaway to a warmer climate&lt;/li&gt;\n&lt;li&gt;Accept &amp;amp; deal with it&lt;/li&gt;\n&lt;li&gt;Shift your work schedule to take advantage of daylight in your free time&lt;/li&gt;\n&lt;li&gt;Find something to look forward to that is exclusive to fall and winter months&lt;/li&gt;\n&lt;li&gt;Get a therapist&lt;/li&gt;\n&lt;li&gt;Medication for depression&lt;/li&gt;\n&lt;li&gt;Complain&lt;/li&gt;\n&lt;li&gt;Semi-hibernate (sleep a lot)&lt;/li&gt;\n&lt;li&gt;Be near windows often&lt;/li&gt;\n&lt;/ul&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;&amp;#x200B;&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;I haven&amp;#39;t noticed anyone mentioning supplements for healthy eyes! Since we&amp;#39;re looking at artificial light and blue screens more often, it&amp;#39;s important to keep our eyes healthy. Lutein, Zeaxanthin, Zinc, Vitamins A &amp;amp; E.&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;&amp;#x200B;&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Thank you everyone!&lt;/p&gt;\n&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!-- SC_ON --&gt;",
      "link": "https://www.reddit.com/r/workfromhome/comments/17ewxg8/those_of_you_who_live_in_northern_regions_how_do/",
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      "username": "WistfulAbandon",
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      "title": "Migraines, congestion, sleep issues and general aches and pains",
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      "body": "UK, 34M, 180cm, 105kg (overweight, but also quite muscular), propranolol 40mg x 2 a day, mometasone spray daily, tried various antihistamines, vitamin D 1000iu daily, sumatriptan. Resting hr 50bpm, bp around 120/80 normal ecg normal spo2. Chest xray clear.\n\nI’ve been to my GP multiple times over the last couple of years trying to figure out what’s wrong. So thought I’d come here and see if anyone had any other ideas?\n\nRegularly, wake up feeling uncomfortable, feel like joints swollen, feel like sleeping was an effort. Lots of nasal congestion and post nasal drip, leads to gagging and retching in the morning producing phlegm, with streaks of blood on occasion from nose and mouth and something larger lumps. Also, constant pain across bridge of nose.\n\nEyes have been sore and dry feeling itchy and gritty\n\nFrequent migraines (5-10 a month), lots of mild anxiety and worry, stomach ache and upset tummy coinciding with migraine. Difficulty concentrating at times swing from really focussed and productive to procrastinating all day worrying about everything I need to do and not doing anything.\n\nWake up feeling exhausted a lot (typically following vivid dreams sometimes nightmares, which happen almost every night), at times feel really good for a week or a month or two at a time, particularly during periods of hot stable sunny weather. \n\nWhen I first took propranolol after 3 weeks I went without migraines from July to October but then they started again.\n\nI’ve also had a lot of cold/flu type viruses since October, as a result of my son starting preschool.\n\nI am able to exercise if I push myself, when I feel reasonable ok, I can run and walk a decent distance 4km in 30mins, but, it can be a struggle to keep it up with the post nasal drip and aches and pains\n\nLast bloods a year ago were all normal except borderline low vit d and  low phosphate but have been taking vit d supplements. Have an ENT appointment with long waiting list, just wondering if anything else should be investigated?",
      "html": "&lt;!-- SC_OFF --&gt;&lt;div class=\"md\"&gt;&lt;p&gt;UK, 34M, 180cm, 105kg (overweight, but also quite muscular), propranolol 40mg x 2 a day, mometasone spray daily, tried various antihistamines, vitamin D 1000iu daily, sumatriptan. Resting hr 50bpm, bp around 120/80 normal ecg normal spo2. Chest xray clear.&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;I’ve been to my GP multiple times over the last couple of years trying to figure out what’s wrong. So thought I’d come here and see if anyone had any other ideas?&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Regularly, wake up feeling uncomfortable, feel like joints swollen, feel like sleeping was an effort. Lots of nasal congestion and post nasal drip, leads to gagging and retching in the morning producing phlegm, with streaks of blood on occasion from nose and mouth and something larger lumps. Also, constant pain across bridge of nose.&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Eyes have been sore and dry feeling itchy and gritty&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Frequent migraines (5-10 a month), lots of mild anxiety and worry, stomach ache and upset tummy coinciding with migraine. Difficulty concentrating at times swing from really focussed and productive to procrastinating all day worrying about everything I need to do and not doing anything.&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Wake up feeling exhausted a lot (typically following vivid dreams sometimes nightmares, which happen almost every night), at times feel really good for a week or a month or two at a time, particularly during periods of hot stable sunny weather. &lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;When I first took propranolol after 3 weeks I went without migraines from July to October but then they started again.&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;I’ve also had a lot of cold/flu type viruses since October, as a result of my son starting preschool.&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;I am able to exercise if I push myself, when I feel reasonable ok, I can run and walk a decent distance 4km in 30mins, but, it can be a struggle to keep it up with the post nasal drip and aches and pains&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Last bloods a year ago were all normal except borderline low vit d and  low phosphate but have been taking vit d supplements. Have an ENT appointment with long waiting list, just wondering if anything else should be investigated?&lt;/p&gt;\n&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!-- SC_ON --&gt;",
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      "url": "https://www.reddit.com/r/ftm/comments/r4j27z/bone_density_and_vitamin_d/",
      "username": "justawombat22",
      "userId": "t2_xoxugln",
      "title": "Bone density and vitamin D",
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      "body": "I've been on T for 4 years now, and here in the UK we have to have DEXA scans every so often to measure bone density and the like since t can reduce it and increase risk of osteoporosis and arthritis. \n\nHad my second one a few weeks ago and even though I've been taking otc vitamin D tablets (highest strength 1000iu) for the last two years, I'm still \"below average bone density\" for my age. \nNow I'm being prescribed an even /higher/ vitamin D supplement. \n\nHas anyone else had similar results/issues? Am I just stuck with taking vitD tablets and worrying about osteoporosis for the rest of my life?",
      "html": "&lt;!-- SC_OFF --&gt;&lt;div class=\"md\"&gt;&lt;p&gt;I&amp;#39;ve been on T for 4 years now, and here in the UK we have to have DEXA scans every so often to measure bone density and the like since t can reduce it and increase risk of osteoporosis and arthritis. &lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Had my second one a few weeks ago and even though I&amp;#39;ve been taking otc vitamin D tablets (highest strength 1000iu) for the last two years, I&amp;#39;m still &amp;quot;below average bone density&amp;quot; for my age. \nNow I&amp;#39;m being prescribed an even /higher/ vitamin D supplement. &lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Has anyone else had similar results/issues? Am I just stuck with taking vitD tablets and worrying about osteoporosis for the rest of my life?&lt;/p&gt;\n&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!-- SC_ON --&gt;",
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      "title": "Need Protein &amp; Nutrient Help!",
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      "body": "When I (32M) started a vegan lifestyle I promised myself I would be strong and healthy to keep those who doubted the diet quiet. Seven years in and I'm getting back to the gym after a shoulder injury, and I'm struggling with energy levels. I definitely could be eating better and more varied, but finding it difficult to do that consistently. To supplement my diet I'm on the hunt for a blend of protein and nutrients in powder form to supplement my diet. I'm in the UK.\n\nI've looked at Huel and saw the Vitamin D content is 160IU, for example, though I read that 1000IU per day is more appropriate for an adult. With so much information to take in, and so many nutrients in differing quantities that we need (in differing amounts from person to person I know), I have questions..\n\nWhat are people's go to supplements? Is there an all in one, or close to? And do people have any other advice for how to keep on top of their nutrient intake?\n\nIdeally I'd be as healthy as possible with my food, then take two scoops of powder per day with a load of protein in each, as well as all the nutrients I need, especially those I'm lacking due to my diet. Is this wishful thinking?",
      "html": "&lt;!-- SC_OFF --&gt;&lt;div class=\"md\"&gt;&lt;p&gt;When I (32M) started a vegan lifestyle I promised myself I would be strong and healthy to keep those who doubted the diet quiet. Seven years in and I&amp;#39;m getting back to the gym after a shoulder injury, and I&amp;#39;m struggling with energy levels. I definitely could be eating better and more varied, but finding it difficult to do that consistently. To supplement my diet I&amp;#39;m on the hunt for a blend of protein and nutrients in powder form to supplement my diet. I&amp;#39;m in the UK.&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;I&amp;#39;ve looked at Huel and saw the Vitamin D content is 160IU, for example, though I read that 1000IU per day is more appropriate for an adult. With so much information to take in, and so many nutrients in differing quantities that we need (in differing amounts from person to person I know), I have questions..&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;What are people&amp;#39;s go to supplements? Is there an all in one, or close to? And do people have any other advice for how to keep on top of their nutrient intake?&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Ideally I&amp;#39;d be as healthy as possible with my food, then take two scoops of powder per day with a load of protein in each, as well as all the nutrients I need, especially those I&amp;#39;m lacking due to my diet. Is this wishful thinking?&lt;/p&gt;\n&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!-- SC_ON --&gt;",
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      "url": "https://www.reddit.com/r/LongCovid/comments/nud9yk/long_covid_relevant_helpful_information/",
      "username": "CovidCareGroup",
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      "title": "LONG Covid relevant helpful information.",
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      "body": "This is a long article but filled with interesting information that some may find helpful.  It talks a lot about nutritional supplements and the biology behind Long COVID.  Be sure to check with your doctor before changing your medication or adding supplements.\n\nFrom the article:\n\nThe Team of Doctors and Biohackers Who Seem to Be Successfully Treating “Long Covid”\n\nWhile trying to understand the mechanism of Long Covid, which obviously involved serotonin dysfunction balanced by #mastcell activation (#MCAS) as I wrote about previously - I met a group who seems to have the last pieces of the puzzle and the ultimate scientific validation: they appear to be giving people their lives back using low cost compounds anyone can buy at the pharmacy, the ultimate application and validation of a scientific theory.\n\nTheir research, COVID-19: NAD+ deficiency may predispose the aged, obese and type2 diabetics to mortality through its effect on SIRT1 activity, (#NAD) has received an excellent response and seems to be validated in mice, relevant abnormalities found in ferrets and the mechanism echoed by other researchers. Dysfunction of relevant systems are found in COVID19 and correlated with inflammatory markers. (#inflammation) Clinical trials are under way to treat the same mechanism using more exotic and commercial compounds than the simple ones used with success in their case.\n\nAccording to this theory, cofactors coupled to the oxidation/NAD+ cascade are critical to outcomes and this is seen in the observation that low selenium levels correlated to poor outcomes in China. Observations of high blood sugar being a predictor of death in COVID19 patients, regardless of diebetic status validate metabolic changes being a major risk factor of COVID19 according to NAD+ theory. Activation of the same kynurenine pathways predicted in NAD+ theory of COVID19 correlate to blood sugar deregulation.\n\nUnrelated to the core mechanism, a recent publication in the journal Nature, stated: “vitamin B3 (#niacin or #nicotinamide) is highly effective in preventing #lung tissue damage. It might be a wise approach to supply this food supplement to the COVID-19 patients.” A recent bioinformatics analysis also indicated niacin should be studied as a treatment for COVID19. A forward looking pre-print indicates nicotinic acid may act as a one of a kind bioenergetic “pump” of inflammatory molecules out of cells, critical for COVID19. Niacin has been seen to easily cure systematic NAD+ deficiency in clinical research. In 2010, this exact biochemical cascade surrounding NAD+ has been speculated as an HIV cascade in the paper, “The oxidative stress-induced niacin sink (OSINS) model for HIV pathogenesis”. Interestingly, the well respected Open Medicine Foundation collaborated with bioinformatics companies and scientists from leading universities to develop the Metabolic Trap theory of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/ME (#ChronicFatigue, #CFS, #ME, #myalgicencephalomyelitis) which looks to be a leading theory based on the same mechanisms presented here.\n\nAn informal survey of over 200 long covid sufferers, showed a high correlation between niacin intake and improvement in a recent video by a patient advocate journalist. This same patient advocate journalist interviewed both myself and Dr. Ade Wentzel regarding biochemical aspects of this theory.\n\nSummary:\n\nSimply, their theory is that COVID19 causes NAD+ depletion, some people with vitamin deficiencies, existing NAD+ depletion or genetic deficits in energy metabolism have long term NAD+ dysfunction. The body tries to make up for low NAD+ by feeding in #tryptophan, which is the precursor for #serotonin, causing low serotonin. Mast cells are activated locally to release serotonin instead, leading to #histamine release and mast cell activation issues. Neurological effects are due to #lowserotonin and NAD+, which also effects the microbiome and general homoeostasis. Energy disruptions are specific to high metabolically active tissues such as the #heart and #brain. This is further complexed with disruption of the #gut-immune axis, mobilization of bacteria, secondary infections - both bacterial and reactivation of dormant #neurotrophicviruses. Reactivation of dormant #EpsteinBar virus can open the door to bacterial infections and it is known to trigger the creation of complex and unrelated auto-antibodies, leading to downstream issues.\n\nThe group treating this mechanism utilizes:�Nicotinic acid aka Niacin (most important and not nicotinamide or other forms) — 100mg\n\n\\#VitaminC aka Ascorbic Acid — 1500mg\n\n\\#VitaminD — 3000iu\n\n\\#Zinc — 15mg\n\n\\#Selenium — 50mcg\n\n\\#Quercetin — 500mg\n\n\\*Talk to your doctor before any changes in supplementation or lifestyle, this is research analysis and not medical advice.\n\nNicotinic acid is the most important with a good target dose to be 100mg. This will require tapering up as a dose as low as 50mg once a day could cause facial flushing and discomfort in the first few days of use, which may be even more pronounced due to the mast cell activation and other inflammatory mechanisms already seen in long-haulers. Some people with #cardiac or #mitochondrial myopathy may require a dose as high as 1000mg+/day for extended periods. Care must be taken to not take nicotinic acid if you are suffering from cardiovascular issues or using #cardiovascular medication. #SSRI’s are also a contraindication as the dramatically increased circulatory serotonin from supporting the NAD+ system can cause serotonin syndrome or other interactions with SSRI’s.\n\nNicotinamide, Nicotinic Riboside and Nicotinic Acid Mononucleotide and Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide and NAD+ injections are all promoted as better NAD cycle supplements but these more expensive forms either enter the NAD+ cycle at the incorrect point for this mechanism, or have their own negative effects on the coupled PARP-1 system. \n\nNicotinamde is well tolerated without flushing but has complex effects on the PARP-1 system and anecdotally does not seem as effective. Slow release no-flush niacin is actually inositol hexaniacinate and only breaks down to nicotinic acid after the first pass liver metabolism, liver burden should be avoided.\n\nThis same low cost treatment stack has been used by Mast Cell Activation Syndrome expert, Dr. Tina Peters, who recommends it for “long covid” and adds histamine blockers like famatodine. These #H1/#H2 blockers are good for turning off the fire alarms of mast cell activation but does not shut off the fire and seem to lose efficacy over the course of a few weeks in long covid.\n\nSelenium and Zinc could potentially be sourced from a few Brazil nuts a day and Vitamin D from sun exposure.\n\n\\*Talk to your doctor before any changes in supplementation or lifestyle, this is research analysis and not medical advice.\n\nThis theory can explain some of the strangest observations in COVID19:\n\n— Why male balding as well as Vitamin D deficiency is so highly correlated with fatality. (Lack of NAD+ synthesis cofactors)\n\n— Why the frontal cortex appears to have electrical slowing with no organic damage or viral invasion. (Energy cycle issues in metabolically active tissue)\n\n— Why runners and other #athletes seem to have “long covid” issues disproportionately. (NAD+ depletion)\n\n— Why “long covid” and acute damage seems to evolve and present in all organ systems, specifically the nervous system and secondary infections are so common. (Energy cycle disruption, mast cell activation, disruption of gut-immune axis)\n\n— Why children very seldom have adverse events but can present with rashes and other skin issues. (naturally high NAD+ pools)\n\n— Why locations like Sweden, Africa, Indian villages etc have drastically lower death rates than expected without intensive distancing measures (They supplement bread with nicotinic acid unlike many Western Countries)\n\n— Why complex neurotoxicity is clearly seen without viral presence in the brain (neurotoxic metabolites from activation of alternative NAD+ pathways)\n\nVideo Interview:\n\nInterview Discussing NAD+ Theory of COVID19 — The Biology of Long Covid | Why the NAD+ Deficiency Theory Could Be The Answer\n\nInterview with Dr. Ade Wentzel:\n\nNikita Alexandrov: What is your background, involvement in COVID19 efforts and how did the group come together that is working on this NAD+ theory/treatment related to COVID19?\n\nDr. Ade Wentzel: Its really quite an interesting story pretty much like this whole experience. The city in which I stay was really under-prepared as we went into lockdown. As a specialist anaesthesiologist, I was really worried that we would not have enough gas points in out city to do what was needed. I had been in isolation and had time to watch a lot of footage of hospitals around the world struggling with lack of oxygen points.\n\nComing from a cardiac anaesthesia background and having managed an ICU for many years with a colleague of mine, it was evident that CPAP and high flow nasal canula was where we should be aiming for which presented a huge problem from a gas point of view and gas blending point of view. I also wanted the patients to be able to self prone themselves, something we had frequently needed to do in the ICU.\n\nI started with my local friend, and scuba instructor. They are really disciplined solution finders. After 5 referrals down the line, I met up with Duncan Pattenden, from Orca Industries, who committed himself immediately and wholeheartedly.\n\nDuncan’s go to man was Robert Miller, a never say never hacker supreme of all spheres. In 5 days the team designed a PPE and CPAP dive mask conversion with the help of Seac Italy. Help on the projects poured in- everyone got a job.\n\nWhile doing the mask, building an assist ventilation device with VW and designing a 3000 bed factory hospital conversion, Rober Miller dropped the bomb….” I can explain why people are dying….LOW NAD+”\n\nI loved biochem, and after 5 minutes I was a convert. I knew that this was the answer. As a clinician I had many clinical questions that needed answering. The most important was , “why are we doing this?”\n\nRobert and I set out with the agreed decision that if we saved 1 person, that it would be worth any effort we put in. We set forth like 2 madmen possessed 18 hours a day for 5 months.\n\nWhile building the masks, index person 1, the dive instructor, phoned me up and informed me that he had received a message via one of his clients related to Prof Guy Richards, that he had an urgent need to trial the PPE masks we were working on. Prof Guy Richards after hearing us out on our initial NAD+ hypothesis joined the team and we wrote the initial paper published in Medical Hypothesis. Even after we wrote the paper we continued to be fascinated by the cleverness of this virus and dived deep to to find a solution. We wanted to change the mortality risk rather than chase the virus like everyone else. We were not bound by anything, and we had freedom to hunt the solution everywhere.\n\nNikita Alexandrov: Can you share your research and other relevant papers?\n\nDr. Ade Wentzel: The paper, COVID-19: NAD+ deficiency may predispose the aged, obese and type2 diabetics to mortality through its effect on SIRT1 activity, had a very positive response, the research and science was strong, however it was still a hypothesis. We were looking at prophylaxis and treatment of Covid 19 and really trying to avoid and threat of the hyperinflammatory response in those that had a pre-existing low NAD+ which we had identified as the same well known risk group that Docherty et al had singled out in an observational study of hospital admissions in the UK.\n\nSoon thereafter a paper by Brenner et al identified abnormality of the NAD+ metabolome with increased PARP activity in ferrets which supported our theories and most recently a study treating covid mice with NAD. We had no allegiance to any company, so total freedom to seek a comprehensive solution- we weren’t trying to push any agendas or sell any big pharma products.\n\nOur observation of long-haulers after working with many of them, and having experienced the long-haul road personally, allowed us to gather strong evidence for our observations.\n\nNAD+ Long Covid Theory:\n\nNikita Alexandrov: You have a strong theory on the COVID19 mechanism, there are thousands of theories, most of them come from testing a companies drugs/current projects against coronavirus in cells and making assumptions without looking at the human body as a living system — you worked differently, you developed a theory and then validated it by showing it can give people their lives back, can you talk a bit more about your theory and its mechanism?:\n\nDr. Ade Wentzel: Let me take you through it. Those at most risk from Covid-19 all share a common underlying factor, low NAD+. NAD+ is a fundamental housekeeping molecule that catalyses electron transfer in metabolic reduction-oxidation reactions, functioning as an electron shuttle in the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and is crucial for energy production.\n\nOne of the important things NAD+ does is enable sirtuin activation . Sirtuins are a family of seven NAD+ dependent signalling proteins that are intrinsically involved in metabolic regulation and cellular homeostasis.\n\nWhen it comes to Covid-19 sirtuins perform 2 crucial functions 1) Sirtuins are a powerful weapon that the body uses to combat both DNA and RNA viruses. Covid-19 is a RNA based virus 2) Sirtuins are also a crucial component of the body’s mechanism to control inflammation and prevent cytokine storms.\n\nDuring the activation of sirtuins NAD+ is consumed and zinc is bound to the activating sirtuin. Sirtuins need to activate sufficiently in response to a Covid-19 infection. If either NAD+ or zinc is in short supply activation will be impacted.\n\nNAD+ naturally declines as we age, but this decline is unnaturally accelerated in those who are obese, have hyperinsulinaemia or high levels of oxidative stress. All the groups most vulnerable to Covid-19 would be expected to have low levels of NAD+. What we know- Covid-19 high risk factors-age 65+, Obesity, type2 diabetes, hypertension, and other conditions resulting from high levels of oxidative stress. The common factor to all the above conditions is low NAD+.\n\nFortunately we can all boost our NAD+ levels.This does not only apply to prevention before contracting Covid-19, but also applies to those suffering long haul symptoms many experience post recovery.\n\nIn addition to low NAD+ levels increasing your risk from Covid-19, we now know that the virus has another nasty action. Covid-19 depletes NAD+ through its activation of PARP. This NAD+ depletion causes a serious condition called pellagra and in addition low NAD+ is such a serious problem that your body hijacks tryptophan to make NAD+ at the expense of serotonin. It is no surprise that long haul symptoms take on a new light when compared to symptoms of Pellagra (NAD+/ niacin deficiency) and low serotonin (tryptophan depletion).\n\nWhile writing the paper, we had researched pellagra, a nicotinic acid deficiency (niacin, B3), rarely seen today. A deficiency that causes low NAD+ resulting in numerous symptoms in metabolically active tissues. Incidentally the last major pellagra outbreak occurred in the south-east USA. When comparing symptoms of pellagra to long haul Covid-19, the symptoms are virtually interchangeable.\n\nDermatitis, diarrhoea, fatigue, apathy, raised temperature loss of smell, loss of taste, loss of hair, skin lesions, mouth ulcers, agression , insomnia, weakness, mental confusion, ataxia, paralysis of extremities, peripheral neuritis, oedema, nutritional deficiency cardiomyopathy, multi-organ failure, dementia and death.\n\nWe know that Covid-19 causes low NAD+ and that this low NAD+ results in Covid-19 Induced Secondary Pellagra (CISP), and that pellagra and long-haul symptoms are the same. These long haul NAD+ symptoms also respond to treatment with nicotinic acid (niacin) with great success.\n\nManaging Long Haul Patients:\n\nNikita Alexandrov: The NAD+ theory makes a lot of sense but at the end of the day science is about predicting and treating and your theory seems to have allowed for a working treatment of “long covid”. What have you observed in terms of “long covid” treatment, can you give some anecdotal examples in terms of how patients presented and how their recovery was dealt with?\n\nDr. Ade Wentzel: Managing long haul covid patient is really a huge challenge. Firstly you have to deal with the severe distress that the patient finds themselves in. In many cases patients are disappointed by the medical profession. This thrown on top of a low serotonin level makes the patient feel like they are about to die, with nobody to turn to and often angry, ratty and desperately seeking answers for a set of symptoms that are often intermittent, changing and bizarre in presentation. While this is all happening, they may be fatigued, have poor effort tolerance, fast heart rates, lack of smell and taste and hair that is falling out, often to be told its just anxiety. It is not only frightening from a patient perspective, but also as a care giver.\n\nTo manage it needs a huge amount of empathy and understanding of the underlying pathological process.\n\nExplanation of symptoms comes as a relief, but with anxiety that there may be hurdles too great to overcome.\n\nThere needs to be unbundling of the Covid Induced Secondary Pellagra symptoms related to NAD+ deficiency and the serotonin depletion symptoms caused by a low tryptophan. Remember that this needs to take place with a patient that is often experiencing “brain fog”. The challenge is for both patient and clinician to both remain calm and push through this process.\n\nSupplementation is a combination of Nicotinic acid and zinc for increased SIRT1 activity. Both zinc and sirt1 have antiviral properties. SIRT1 then manages endothelial repair, cellular autophagy and the downregulation of tumour necrosis factor alpha through its inhibitory action on tumour necrosis factor alpha converting enzyme (TACE). In so doing it also controls IL1 and IL6.\n\nQuercetin increases NAD+levels by acting on regulatory enzymes. Addition of VitC, vit D3 and Selenium compliment by decreasing oxidative stress.\n\nWe advise people to supplement with nicotinic acid during the pandemic as it is cheap, safe and easy to do.This will reduce the risk of having a low NAD+ when contracting covid. The activation of SIRT1(zinc and NAD+ dependent) and the use of zinc both have direct antiviral properties and hence reduce viral replication and hopefully infection.\n\nUnfortunately NAD+ is difficult to measure and hence tryptophan is measured as an indicator. This also is not freely available in many countries.\n\nIt is interesting to note that areas that were affected by endemic pellagra in the early 1900’s are also some of the areas hardest hit by Covid-19 namely South-east USA and Italy and areas that we thought would be worst hit for example Africa have gotten off relatively lightly.\n\nAfrica being a case of interest to us. In South Africa the bread, maize and and flour are heavily fortified with niacin(B3), zinc, Thiamine(Vit B1), riboflavin(VitB2), Pyridoxine (Vit B6), folic acid and iron.\n\nAnecdotal Reports:\n\nDaniel — 58, Pennsylvania, USA\n\nDaniel became sick at the end of January with difficulty breathing (feeling like he was not taking in enough oxygen), congestion , mild cough, stomach issues/diarrhea, loss of taste and smell, temperature regulation, night sweats, nightmares, vivid dreams, dizziness, foggy thinking, headaches, body aches, soreness, and fatigue. Around the 5th day, he was unable to function and does not recall the next 4 days. Daniel developed long haulers syndrome with recurring symptoms that lasted for 8 months. In October, he started a regime of: Niacin B3, Vitamin D, Vitamin C, Quercetin, Zinc, and Selenium. Vitamin C, Quercetin and Selenium are obtained from his diet. Care was taken not to consume too much Selenium. He eats 1 Brazil nut a day. The Vitamin D is obtained from 15 minutes a day in the sun and a D3 supplement of 1000iu/day. A 30mg zinc/day supplement. The niacin is the trickiest and most important part. He took the wrong type of B3 for 60 days. It wasn’t until he was guided to the correct type of B3 (nicotinic acid) that he was cured. He started taking the correct Niacin with a dosage of 50–75mg with each meal. Within days, his symptoms diminished and disappeared. The symptoms have not returned for a month+.\n\nRaina — 45, Oregon, USA\n\nRaina became sick March 28th starting with intense leg cramps and then sore throat, mouth sores, diarrhoea, chest pressure, shortness of breath, night sweats and other symptoms. She was admitted to the ER April 8th for cardiac pains and had ongoing cardiac pains, was tested using a holter monitor. Her motor skills were compromised and couldn’t walk properly with crippling pain in her legs, and at all times had debilitating fatigue and headache. In mid September Raina started having body tremors, particularly during sleep. Raina starting taking nicotinic acid 500mg and initially had a flushing reaction and tried other less effective forms of vitamin B3. Restarting at 25mg a day of nicotonic acid and working to 1000mg a day, Raina had most symptoms dissipate in a week, including dramatically increased energy, less pains and tremors reducing to a level where she could sleep as well as sores healing up quickly. Raina is improving a very close to where she was before she became ill.\n\nDanielle — 48, Cape Town, South Africa. \n\nDanielle first stated feeling ill in mid March 2020 when she woke up with flu like symptoms such as a sore head and throat and struggled to get out of bed. Since then her health has been up and down like a rollercoaster experiencing a variety of the Covid symptoms at varying times. It came in waves where she would had no appetite for food, lost taste, had night chills, insomnia, nausea, diarrhea, headaches, limb pains, tight chest, conjunctivitis in my left eye and hallucinations. Her brain felt foggy and she had trouble focusing and planning. She felt emotionally drained and thought she was going crazy. She started taking the supplement stack and immediately and for the first time in months quickly started to feel like she had a chance of beating this virus and being healthy again.\n\n\\-END Interview\n\nPost researched by [covidCAREgroup.org](https://covidCAREgroup.org), connecting the dots of Long COVID.\n\n[https://nkalex.medium.com/the-team-of-front-line-doctors](https://nkalex.medium.com/the-team-of-front-line-doctors)...\n\nThe Team of Front-line Doctors and Biohackers Who Seem to Have Solved “Long Covid”\n\n[NKALEX.MEDIUM.COM](https://NKALEX.MEDIUM.COM)\n\nThe Team of Front-line Doctors and Biohackers Who Seem to Have Solved “Long Covid”\n\nWhile trying to understand the reasons for LONG COVID.",
      "html": "&lt;!-- SC_OFF --&gt;&lt;div class=\"md\"&gt;&lt;p&gt;This is a long article but filled with interesting information that some may find helpful.  It talks a lot about nutritional supplements and the biology behind Long COVID.  Be sure to check with your doctor before changing your medication or adding supplements.&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;From the article:&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;The Team of Doctors and Biohackers Who Seem to Be Successfully Treating “Long Covid”&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;While trying to understand the mechanism of Long Covid, which obviously involved serotonin dysfunction balanced by #mastcell activation (#MCAS) as I wrote about previously - I met a group who seems to have the last pieces of the puzzle and the ultimate scientific validation: they appear to be giving people their lives back using low cost compounds anyone can buy at the pharmacy, the ultimate application and validation of a scientific theory.&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Their research, COVID-19: NAD+ deficiency may predispose the aged, obese and type2 diabetics to mortality through its effect on SIRT1 activity, (#NAD) has received an excellent response and seems to be validated in mice, relevant abnormalities found in ferrets and the mechanism echoed by other researchers. Dysfunction of relevant systems are found in COVID19 and correlated with inflammatory markers. (#inflammation) Clinical trials are under way to treat the same mechanism using more exotic and commercial compounds than the simple ones used with success in their case.&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;According to this theory, cofactors coupled to the oxidation/NAD+ cascade are critical to outcomes and this is seen in the observation that low selenium levels correlated to poor outcomes in China. Observations of high blood sugar being a predictor of death in COVID19 patients, regardless of diebetic status validate metabolic changes being a major risk factor of COVID19 according to NAD+ theory. Activation of the same kynurenine pathways predicted in NAD+ theory of COVID19 correlate to blood sugar deregulation.&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Unrelated to the core mechanism, a recent publication in the journal Nature, stated: “vitamin B3 (#niacin or #nicotinamide) is highly effective in preventing #lung tissue damage. It might be a wise approach to supply this food supplement to the COVID-19 patients.” A recent bioinformatics analysis also indicated niacin should be studied as a treatment for COVID19. A forward looking pre-print indicates nicotinic acid may act as a one of a kind bioenergetic “pump” of inflammatory molecules out of cells, critical for COVID19. Niacin has been seen to easily cure systematic NAD+ deficiency in clinical research. In 2010, this exact biochemical cascade surrounding NAD+ has been speculated as an HIV cascade in the paper, “The oxidative stress-induced niacin sink (OSINS) model for HIV pathogenesis”. Interestingly, the well respected Open Medicine Foundation collaborated with bioinformatics companies and scientists from leading universities to develop the Metabolic Trap theory of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/ME (#ChronicFatigue, #CFS, #ME, #myalgicencephalomyelitis) which looks to be a leading theory based on the same mechanisms presented here.&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;An informal survey of over 200 long covid sufferers, showed a high correlation between niacin intake and improvement in a recent video by a patient advocate journalist. This same patient advocate journalist interviewed both myself and Dr. Ade Wentzel regarding biochemical aspects of this theory.&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Summary:&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Simply, their theory is that COVID19 causes NAD+ depletion, some people with vitamin deficiencies, existing NAD+ depletion or genetic deficits in energy metabolism have long term NAD+ dysfunction. The body tries to make up for low NAD+ by feeding in #tryptophan, which is the precursor for #serotonin, causing low serotonin. Mast cells are activated locally to release serotonin instead, leading to #histamine release and mast cell activation issues. Neurological effects are due to #lowserotonin and NAD+, which also effects the microbiome and general homoeostasis. Energy disruptions are specific to high metabolically active tissues such as the #heart and #brain. This is further complexed with disruption of the #gut-immune axis, mobilization of bacteria, secondary infections - both bacterial and reactivation of dormant #neurotrophicviruses. Reactivation of dormant #EpsteinBar virus can open the door to bacterial infections and it is known to trigger the creation of complex and unrelated auto-antibodies, leading to downstream issues.&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;The group treating this mechanism utilizes:�Nicotinic acid aka Niacin (most important and not nicotinamide or other forms) — 100mg&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;#VitaminC aka Ascorbic Acid — 1500mg&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;#VitaminD — 3000iu&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;#Zinc — 15mg&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;#Selenium — 50mcg&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;#Quercetin — 500mg&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;*Talk to your doctor before any changes in supplementation or lifestyle, this is research analysis and not medical advice.&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Nicotinic acid is the most important with a good target dose to be 100mg. This will require tapering up as a dose as low as 50mg once a day could cause facial flushing and discomfort in the first few days of use, which may be even more pronounced due to the mast cell activation and other inflammatory mechanisms already seen in long-haulers. Some people with #cardiac or #mitochondrial myopathy may require a dose as high as 1000mg+/day for extended periods. Care must be taken to not take nicotinic acid if you are suffering from cardiovascular issues or using #cardiovascular medication. #SSRI’s are also a contraindication as the dramatically increased circulatory serotonin from supporting the NAD+ system can cause serotonin syndrome or other interactions with SSRI’s.&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Nicotinamide, Nicotinic Riboside and Nicotinic Acid Mononucleotide and Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide and NAD+ injections are all promoted as better NAD cycle supplements but these more expensive forms either enter the NAD+ cycle at the incorrect point for this mechanism, or have their own negative effects on the coupled PARP-1 system. &lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Nicotinamde is well tolerated without flushing but has complex effects on the PARP-1 system and anecdotally does not seem as effective. Slow release no-flush niacin is actually inositol hexaniacinate and only breaks down to nicotinic acid after the first pass liver metabolism, liver burden should be avoided.&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;This same low cost treatment stack has been used by Mast Cell Activation Syndrome expert, Dr. Tina Peters, who recommends it for “long covid” and adds histamine blockers like famatodine. These #H1/#H2 blockers are good for turning off the fire alarms of mast cell activation but does not shut off the fire and seem to lose efficacy over the course of a few weeks in long covid.&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Selenium and Zinc could potentially be sourced from a few Brazil nuts a day and Vitamin D from sun exposure.&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;*Talk to your doctor before any changes in supplementation or lifestyle, this is research analysis and not medical advice.&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;This theory can explain some of the strangest observations in COVID19:&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;— Why male balding as well as Vitamin D deficiency is so highly correlated with fatality. (Lack of NAD+ synthesis cofactors)&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;— Why the frontal cortex appears to have electrical slowing with no organic damage or viral invasion. (Energy cycle issues in metabolically active tissue)&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;— Why runners and other #athletes seem to have “long covid” issues disproportionately. (NAD+ depletion)&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;— Why “long covid” and acute damage seems to evolve and present in all organ systems, specifically the nervous system and secondary infections are so common. (Energy cycle disruption, mast cell activation, disruption of gut-immune axis)&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;— Why children very seldom have adverse events but can present with rashes and other skin issues. (naturally high NAD+ pools)&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;— Why locations like Sweden, Africa, Indian villages etc have drastically lower death rates than expected without intensive distancing measures (They supplement bread with nicotinic acid unlike many Western Countries)&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;— Why complex neurotoxicity is clearly seen without viral presence in the brain (neurotoxic metabolites from activation of alternative NAD+ pathways)&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Video Interview:&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Interview Discussing NAD+ Theory of COVID19 — The Biology of Long Covid | Why the NAD+ Deficiency Theory Could Be The Answer&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Interview with Dr. Ade Wentzel:&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Nikita Alexandrov: What is your background, involvement in COVID19 efforts and how did the group come together that is working on this NAD+ theory/treatment related to COVID19?&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Dr. Ade Wentzel: Its really quite an interesting story pretty much like this whole experience. The city in which I stay was really under-prepared as we went into lockdown. As a specialist anaesthesiologist, I was really worried that we would not have enough gas points in out city to do what was needed. I had been in isolation and had time to watch a lot of footage of hospitals around the world struggling with lack of oxygen points.&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Coming from a cardiac anaesthesia background and having managed an ICU for many years with a colleague of mine, it was evident that CPAP and high flow nasal canula was where we should be aiming for which presented a huge problem from a gas point of view and gas blending point of view. I also wanted the patients to be able to self prone themselves, something we had frequently needed to do in the ICU.&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;I started with my local friend, and scuba instructor. They are really disciplined solution finders. After 5 referrals down the line, I met up with Duncan Pattenden, from Orca Industries, who committed himself immediately and wholeheartedly.&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Duncan’s go to man was Robert Miller, a never say never hacker supreme of all spheres. In 5 days the team designed a PPE and CPAP dive mask conversion with the help of Seac Italy. Help on the projects poured in- everyone got a job.&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;While doing the mask, building an assist ventilation device with VW and designing a 3000 bed factory hospital conversion, Rober Miller dropped the bomb….” I can explain why people are dying….LOW NAD+”&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;I loved biochem, and after 5 minutes I was a convert. I knew that this was the answer. As a clinician I had many clinical questions that needed answering. The most important was , “why are we doing this?”&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Robert and I set out with the agreed decision that if we saved 1 person, that it would be worth any effort we put in. We set forth like 2 madmen possessed 18 hours a day for 5 months.&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;While building the masks, index person 1, the dive instructor, phoned me up and informed me that he had received a message via one of his clients related to Prof Guy Richards, that he had an urgent need to trial the PPE masks we were working on. Prof Guy Richards after hearing us out on our initial NAD+ hypothesis joined the team and we wrote the initial paper published in Medical Hypothesis. Even after we wrote the paper we continued to be fascinated by the cleverness of this virus and dived deep to to find a solution. We wanted to change the mortality risk rather than chase the virus like everyone else. We were not bound by anything, and we had freedom to hunt the solution everywhere.&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Nikita Alexandrov: Can you share your research and other relevant papers?&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Dr. Ade Wentzel: The paper, COVID-19: NAD+ deficiency may predispose the aged, obese and type2 diabetics to mortality through its effect on SIRT1 activity, had a very positive response, the research and science was strong, however it was still a hypothesis. We were looking at prophylaxis and treatment of Covid 19 and really trying to avoid and threat of the hyperinflammatory response in those that had a pre-existing low NAD+ which we had identified as the same well known risk group that Docherty et al had singled out in an observational study of hospital admissions in the UK.&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Soon thereafter a paper by Brenner et al identified abnormality of the NAD+ metabolome with increased PARP activity in ferrets which supported our theories and most recently a study treating covid mice with NAD. We had no allegiance to any company, so total freedom to seek a comprehensive solution- we weren’t trying to push any agendas or sell any big pharma products.&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Our observation of long-haulers after working with many of them, and having experienced the long-haul road personally, allowed us to gather strong evidence for our observations.&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;NAD+ Long Covid Theory:&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Nikita Alexandrov: You have a strong theory on the COVID19 mechanism, there are thousands of theories, most of them come from testing a companies drugs/current projects against coronavirus in cells and making assumptions without looking at the human body as a living system — you worked differently, you developed a theory and then validated it by showing it can give people their lives back, can you talk a bit more about your theory and its mechanism?:&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Dr. Ade Wentzel: Let me take you through it. Those at most risk from Covid-19 all share a common underlying factor, low NAD+. NAD+ is a fundamental housekeeping molecule that catalyses electron transfer in metabolic reduction-oxidation reactions, functioning as an electron shuttle in the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and is crucial for energy production.&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;One of the important things NAD+ does is enable sirtuin activation . Sirtuins are a family of seven NAD+ dependent signalling proteins that are intrinsically involved in metabolic regulation and cellular homeostasis.&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;When it comes to Covid-19 sirtuins perform 2 crucial functions 1) Sirtuins are a powerful weapon that the body uses to combat both DNA and RNA viruses. Covid-19 is a RNA based virus 2) Sirtuins are also a crucial component of the body’s mechanism to control inflammation and prevent cytokine storms.&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;During the activation of sirtuins NAD+ is consumed and zinc is bound to the activating sirtuin. Sirtuins need to activate sufficiently in response to a Covid-19 infection. If either NAD+ or zinc is in short supply activation will be impacted.&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;NAD+ naturally declines as we age, but this decline is unnaturally accelerated in those who are obese, have hyperinsulinaemia or high levels of oxidative stress. All the groups most vulnerable to Covid-19 would be expected to have low levels of NAD+. What we know- Covid-19 high risk factors-age 65+, Obesity, type2 diabetes, hypertension, and other conditions resulting from high levels of oxidative stress. The common factor to all the above conditions is low NAD+.&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Fortunately we can all boost our NAD+ levels.This does not only apply to prevention before contracting Covid-19, but also applies to those suffering long haul symptoms many experience post recovery.&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;In addition to low NAD+ levels increasing your risk from Covid-19, we now know that the virus has another nasty action. Covid-19 depletes NAD+ through its activation of PARP. This NAD+ depletion causes a serious condition called pellagra and in addition low NAD+ is such a serious problem that your body hijacks tryptophan to make NAD+ at the expense of serotonin. It is no surprise that long haul symptoms take on a new light when compared to symptoms of Pellagra (NAD+/ niacin deficiency) and low serotonin (tryptophan depletion).&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;While writing the paper, we had researched pellagra, a nicotinic acid deficiency (niacin, B3), rarely seen today. A deficiency that causes low NAD+ resulting in numerous symptoms in metabolically active tissues. Incidentally the last major pellagra outbreak occurred in the south-east USA. When comparing symptoms of pellagra to long haul Covid-19, the symptoms are virtually interchangeable.&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Dermatitis, diarrhoea, fatigue, apathy, raised temperature loss of smell, loss of taste, loss of hair, skin lesions, mouth ulcers, agression , insomnia, weakness, mental confusion, ataxia, paralysis of extremities, peripheral neuritis, oedema, nutritional deficiency cardiomyopathy, multi-organ failure, dementia and death.&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;We know that Covid-19 causes low NAD+ and that this low NAD+ results in Covid-19 Induced Secondary Pellagra (CISP), and that pellagra and long-haul symptoms are the same. These long haul NAD+ symptoms also respond to treatment with nicotinic acid (niacin) with great success.&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Managing Long Haul Patients:&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Nikita Alexandrov: The NAD+ theory makes a lot of sense but at the end of the day science is about predicting and treating and your theory seems to have allowed for a working treatment of “long covid”. What have you observed in terms of “long covid” treatment, can you give some anecdotal examples in terms of how patients presented and how their recovery was dealt with?&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Dr. Ade Wentzel: Managing long haul covid patient is really a huge challenge. Firstly you have to deal with the severe distress that the patient finds themselves in. In many cases patients are disappointed by the medical profession. This thrown on top of a low serotonin level makes the patient feel like they are about to die, with nobody to turn to and often angry, ratty and desperately seeking answers for a set of symptoms that are often intermittent, changing and bizarre in presentation. While this is all happening, they may be fatigued, have poor effort tolerance, fast heart rates, lack of smell and taste and hair that is falling out, often to be told its just anxiety. It is not only frightening from a patient perspective, but also as a care giver.&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;To manage it needs a huge amount of empathy and understanding of the underlying pathological process.&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Explanation of symptoms comes as a relief, but with anxiety that there may be hurdles too great to overcome.&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;There needs to be unbundling of the Covid Induced Secondary Pellagra symptoms related to NAD+ deficiency and the serotonin depletion symptoms caused by a low tryptophan. Remember that this needs to take place with a patient that is often experiencing “brain fog”. The challenge is for both patient and clinician to both remain calm and push through this process.&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Supplementation is a combination of Nicotinic acid and zinc for increased SIRT1 activity. Both zinc and sirt1 have antiviral properties. SIRT1 then manages endothelial repair, cellular autophagy and the downregulation of tumour necrosis factor alpha through its inhibitory action on tumour necrosis factor alpha converting enzyme (TACE). In so doing it also controls IL1 and IL6.&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Quercetin increases NAD+levels by acting on regulatory enzymes. Addition of VitC, vit D3 and Selenium compliment by decreasing oxidative stress.&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;We advise people to supplement with nicotinic acid during the pandemic as it is cheap, safe and easy to do.This will reduce the risk of having a low NAD+ when contracting covid. The activation of SIRT1(zinc and NAD+ dependent) and the use of zinc both have direct antiviral properties and hence reduce viral replication and hopefully infection.&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Unfortunately NAD+ is difficult to measure and hence tryptophan is measured as an indicator. This also is not freely available in many countries.&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;It is interesting to note that areas that were affected by endemic pellagra in the early 1900’s are also some of the areas hardest hit by Covid-19 namely South-east USA and Italy and areas that we thought would be worst hit for example Africa have gotten off relatively lightly.&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Africa being a case of interest to us. In South Africa the bread, maize and and flour are heavily fortified with niacin(B3), zinc, Thiamine(Vit B1), riboflavin(VitB2), Pyridoxine (Vit B6), folic acid and iron.&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Anecdotal Reports:&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Daniel — 58, Pennsylvania, USA&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Daniel became sick at the end of January with difficulty breathing (feeling like he was not taking in enough oxygen), congestion , mild cough, stomach issues/diarrhea, loss of taste and smell, temperature regulation, night sweats, nightmares, vivid dreams, dizziness, foggy thinking, headaches, body aches, soreness, and fatigue. Around the 5th day, he was unable to function and does not recall the next 4 days. Daniel developed long haulers syndrome with recurring symptoms that lasted for 8 months. In October, he started a regime of: Niacin B3, Vitamin D, Vitamin C, Quercetin, Zinc, and Selenium. Vitamin C, Quercetin and Selenium are obtained from his diet. Care was taken not to consume too much Selenium. He eats 1 Brazil nut a day. The Vitamin D is obtained from 15 minutes a day in the sun and a D3 supplement of 1000iu/day. A 30mg zinc/day supplement. The niacin is the trickiest and most important part. He took the wrong type of B3 for 60 days. It wasn’t until he was guided to the correct type of B3 (nicotinic acid) that he was cured. He started taking the correct Niacin with a dosage of 50–75mg with each meal. Within days, his symptoms diminished and disappeared. The symptoms have not returned for a month+.&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Raina — 45, Oregon, USA&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Raina became sick March 28th starting with intense leg cramps and then sore throat, mouth sores, diarrhoea, chest pressure, shortness of breath, night sweats and other symptoms. She was admitted to the ER April 8th for cardiac pains and had ongoing cardiac pains, was tested using a holter monitor. Her motor skills were compromised and couldn’t walk properly with crippling pain in her legs, and at all times had debilitating fatigue and headache. In mid September Raina started having body tremors, particularly during sleep. Raina starting taking nicotinic acid 500mg and initially had a flushing reaction and tried other less effective forms of vitamin B3. Restarting at 25mg a day of nicotonic acid and working to 1000mg a day, Raina had most symptoms dissipate in a week, including dramatically increased energy, less pains and tremors reducing to a level where she could sleep as well as sores healing up quickly. Raina is improving a very close to where she was before she became ill.&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Danielle — 48, Cape Town, South Africa. &lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Danielle first stated feeling ill in mid March 2020 when she woke up with flu like symptoms such as a sore head and throat and struggled to get out of bed. Since then her health has been up and down like a rollercoaster experiencing a variety of the Covid symptoms at varying times. It came in waves where she would had no appetite for food, lost taste, had night chills, insomnia, nausea, diarrhea, headaches, limb pains, tight chest, conjunctivitis in my left eye and hallucinations. Her brain felt foggy and she had trouble focusing and planning. She felt emotionally drained and thought she was going crazy. She started taking the supplement stack and immediately and for the first time in months quickly started to feel like she had a chance of beating this virus and being healthy again.&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;-END Interview&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Post researched by &lt;a href=\"https://covidCAREgroup.org\"&gt;covidCAREgroup.org&lt;/a&gt;, connecting the dots of Long COVID.&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=\"https://nkalex.medium.com/the-team-of-front-line-doctors\"&gt;https://nkalex.medium.com/the-team-of-front-line-doctors&lt;/a&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;The Team of Front-line Doctors and Biohackers Who Seem to Have Solved “Long Covid”&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=\"https://NKALEX.MEDIUM.COM\"&gt;NKALEX.MEDIUM.COM&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;The Team of Front-line Doctors and Biohackers Who Seem to Have Solved “Long Covid”&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;While trying to understand the reasons for LONG COVID.&lt;/p&gt;\n&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!-- SC_ON --&gt;",
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